KHIZOSTOM.E CEPHEA. 655 



Forskal gives a good, clear drawing of this medusa, which bears so close a resemblance 

 to the figures of " Pt -lir/iizn nematophora" <>t Kishmouye that I am convinced the two are 

 identical. The medusa is distinguished by the very deep rhopalar clefts in the bell-margin, 

 its long tapering mouth-arm-filaments, and brown color. Gmelin erred in calling this M . 

 octost\la, when he quoted from Forskal, for the latter's .\fi-Jusa octostyla is very different. 



Bell 100 to 140 mm. in diameter. A large dome at apex of exumbrella, nearly as wide 

 as bell-radius and covered completely with about 30 large, conical, pointed warts, many of 

 which are bent near their pointed ends. The dome is surrounded by a wide, shallow ring- 

 furrow, which separates it from the nearly equally wide, flexible marginal zone of the bell. 

 The 8 sense-organs are set within deep niches in the bell-margin, as is well shown in Forskal's 

 figure. There are So to 90 marginal lappets; in each octant 8 or Q large, oval, velar between 

 2 very small, pointed, ocular lappets; the velar lappers are united by a web, so that the bell- 

 margin appears to be nearly entire. The small ocular lappets are deeply set inward centrip- 

 etal to the margin. 



On the subumbrella a radia'ing inner zone of folded ridges contains the radial muscles, 

 and near the bell-margin is an unbroken zone of circular muscles. Arm-disk octagonal, 

 nearly as wide as bell-radius. The 4 subgenital ostia are very small, compressed clefts. 1 here 

 is a unitary, cruciform, subgenital cavity. The arm-disk has no canal-system of its own, and 

 there are no mouths upon its central pans. The 8 laterally compressed, stout, adradial 

 mouth-arms are somewhat shorter than the bell-radius. Their upper halves are neail\ 

 coalesced where they arise from the arm-disk, but below they fork and each main branch 

 branches profusely and curves upward. The numerous, frilled mouths are found on the lower, 

 ventral sides of these mouth-arms and their branches. There are more than 100 long, tapering, 

 hollow filaments with pointed ends. The largest of these arise from the arm-disk at the points 

 of origin of the 8 mouth-arms, and they are as long as the diameter of the umbrella and 

 hollow. Forskal figures 16 such filaments all apparently arising from the arm-disk and 

 numerous smaller ones arising from between the mouth-frills on the arms, very much as does 

 Kishmouye 127 years later. 



The nearly circular, central stomach gives rise to 8 ocular and about 40 to 48 interocular 

 radial-canals. The ocular canals are not wider than the others, but they ex'end straight out 

 to the rhopalia, giving off numerous side branches into the network-zone of the bell; whereas 

 the interocular canals lose themselves in this wide network of anastomosing vessels which form 

 a broad zone extending from near the outer edge of the stomach-cavity to the bell-margin. 

 There is no differentiated ring-canal. The network gives off many blindly-ending branches 

 which extend downward into the radiating muscular ridges of the subumbrella. 



Tin- margins of the velar lobes are brown, but Kishinouve finds that o'.her pans are 

 colorless, although Forskal's medusa displayed some reddish-brown on its bell. Porskal 

 describes this medusa from the Red Sea, and Kishinouve from Misaki. Japan, where it is 

 found in winter. IV-ion and Lesueur's ('.. fn^-n. from Malabar and nonhwesrern Australia, is 

 probably the same medusa; as is also Dtplopilits coulh<m\i Agassi/,, iSf>> it'onr. Nat. Hist. 

 U. S., vol. 4, p. 158), from Hawaii. The medusa appears to be widely distributed over the 

 Indo-l'acific region. Haeckel's Crplifii cnnijcrn from Samoa may be another name tor tin- 

 same medusa, but its color is not stated and its marginal lappets appear to be indistinct, and 

 the bell-margin to be practically entile, as in C. ,-n-rulfn. The decided resemblance, in other 

 respects, between Haeckel's C. coniffra and Forskal's medusa \\ill appear in the following 

 description. 



"Cephea cephea var. conifera" Haeckel. 



Cefhea coaiftra, H.\icKt.L, i S8o, Sy*l. Jrr M,,|u ..,,. 576, taf. 36, fign. 3-6. HAMANN, 1881, Jrn.i. /.oil . fur Naturw., ll.l. 15, 

 p. 246 (anatomy of mouth-arms). 



This is probably identical with ('i-j-iln-n if filial. 



Bell 100 to 120 mm. wide, 30 to 40 mm. high. A thick-walled, flatly rounded, central 

 dome upon the exumbrella bears 20 to 30 large and numerous small piotuherances and is 

 separated from the marginal /out- of tin- exumbrella by a deep annular furrow. These solid, 

 wart-like protuberances of the central dome are scattered irregularly over its entire surface, 

 as in C. cirnili-ti, not arranged in 2 rows, as in ('. Juntokiiroa. 8 rhopalia are set within deep 

 niches. 80 indistinctly developed, marginal lappets. In each octant 8 wide, flat, velar lappets, 



