676 MEDUSAE OF THE WORLD. 



Genus CRAMBIONE Maas, 1903. 



Crambione, MAAS, 1903, Scyphomedusen der Siboga Exped., Monog. II, pp. 48,81; 1906, Revue Suisse de Zool.,tome 14, p. 103. 



The type species is Crambione mastigofhora, Maas, from the Malay Archipelago. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



R/uzostomata tnptera in which each mouth-arm is 3-wmged and the wings bear secondary 

 branches. All 3 of these wing-like expansions and their branches bear mouths, among which 

 there are clubs and filaments. No terminal club at the end of each arm. With a unitary, sub- 

 genital porticus and with 4 slit-like, subgenital ostia. 



The canal-system consists of 8 vessels which extend outward to the bell-margin in the 

 perradii and inteiradii, and 8 adradial canals which end in the ring-canal at some distance 

 inward from the bell-margin. On the outer side of the ring-canal is a network of vessels, and 

 on the inner side the ring-canal gives off a network between each 2 radial-canals, which does 

 not connect with the radial-canals themselves. The circular muscles are unitary, being 

 unbroken by radial strands. The marginal sense-organs have a pair of eye-spots and a 

 sensory pit with large radial furrows. 



This genus is closely related to Catostylus, but is distinguished by having clubs and fila- 

 ments upon its mouth-arms, these being absent in Catostylus. It is also very closely allied to 

 Lychnorhiza, but has both clubs and filaments upon its mouth-arms, whereas Lychnorhiza 

 has filaments only. 



Crambione mastigophora Maas. 



Crambione mastigophora, MAAS, O., 1903, Scyphomeduscn der Siboga Expedition, Monog. 1 1, p. 49, taf. 6, fign. 47-53; taf. 8, 

 figs. 71-74; taf. II, fign. loo, 104; taf. 12, fig. 113; 1906, Revue Suisse de Zool., tome 14, p. lov 



The bell may become 400 mm. wide and is highly arched and rounded. The gelatinous 

 substance of the center is thick, while the margin is sharply set off from the center and is 

 thin-edged. The exumbrella is smooth. There are 8 marginal sense-organs. These sense- 

 clubs have each a bulbular swelling on the subumbrella side and 2 lateral ocelli near the outer 



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end of the club. There is also an entodermal hthocyst mass. There is a large, heart-shaped 

 sensory pit on the exumbrella side above each sense-organ, and prominent radiating furrows 

 spread out from the center ot the pit-cavity just above the base of the sense-club. 2 small, 

 pointed, lanceolate, ocular lappets flank each of the 8 sense-organs, and in each octant are 

 also 8 to 10 velar lappets which are elongate, with rounded outer edges and deep clefts between 

 them, and which increase in number with age. 



The arm-disk is very wide and 8-sided. The 4 interradial, subgenital ostia are narrow, 

 elongate, and slit-like, but not as long as the arm pillars between them. 4 perradial, slit-like 

 depressions or fossae in the arm-disk are somewhat higher than the subgenital ostia to which 

 they bear a close superficial resemblance; they are not to be confused with subgenital ostia, 

 however, for they are mere depressions in the surface of the arm-disk. The 8 adradial mouth- 

 arms alternate in position with the subgenital ostia and the perradial fossae. In the young 

 medusa they are grouped in 4 pairs, but in the adult they arise at equal intervals from the sides 

 of the arm-disk. Basal pans of mouth-arms massive, nearly circular in cross-section; in 

 their lower halves each gives rise to 3 projecting, lateral expansions or "wings " which meet at 

 the lower end of each arm, giving a pyramidal general outline to the outer half of each mouth- 

 arm. There are numerous mouths along the lower inner lamella ot each mouth-arm and 

 along the edges of the 2 lateral wings, as in Catostylns. But unlike Catost\lus many small, 

 club-shaped and some long, tapering, filamentous appendages arise from both the lower and 

 upper sides of the mouth-arms between the mouths. 



The central stomach is cruciform, the axes of the cross being in the perradii . 4 perradial, 

 4 interradial, and 8 adradial canals arise from the stomach. The perradial and interradial 

 canals extend to the bell-margin, but the 8 adradial vessels end in the ring-canal, which lies 

 some distance inward from the margin of the bell. On its outer side the ring-canal gives 

 off a neiwork of vessels which anastomose with the perradial and interradial canals. Centrip- 

 etal to the ring-canal and arising from it, between the 16 radial-canals, are 16 open networks 

 of vessels. The ring-canal and the 16 radial-canals are of uniform and moderate width. 



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The peripheral network of vessels is of finer caliber and the 16 networks on the inner side 

 of the ring-canal are of wider caliber than the outer network, but not as wide as the radiating 

 vessels. These inner networks do not fuse with the radial-canals. 



