524 MEDUSAE OF THE WORLD. 



and free ends directed centripetally. A 4-sided throat-tube. An aboral stalk serving for 

 attachment. The adradial lobes are reduced to 8 barely discernible sinuosities. 



Depastrella Haeckel, with 1 6 clusters of marginal tentacles arranged in a single row, is 

 probably only the young of Depastrum. Depastrella appears to be intermediate between the 

 Tesseranthinae and the Lucernarinae. 



Depastrum cyathiforme Gosse. 



Luccrnaria cyaihiformt, SARS, M., 1846, Fauna Littoral, Noweg., fasc. I, p. 26, taf. 3, fign. 8-13. 



Depastrum cyathiforme, GOSSE, 1858, Annal. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. i, p. 419; 1860, Ibid., vol. 5, p. 481, figs. 1-3. 



Lucernaria cyathiformis, KEFERSTEIN, 1862, Zeit. fur wissen. Zool., Bd 12, p. 24. 



Carduella cyalhiformis, ALLMAN, 1860, Trans. Microscop. Soc. London, 70!. 8, p. 125, plate 5. Clark, 1863, Boston Journal Nat. 



Hist., vol. 7, p. 546. 



Calicinaria cyathijormis, MILNE-EDWARDS, 1860, Hist. Nat. der Corall., tome 3, p. 459, Paris. 

 Dcpastrum cyathiforme, HAECKEL, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 378 (literature); D. polare, p. 639, and Depaslrella carduella, 



p. 376. 

 Depastrum cyathiforme, DIXON, G. Y. and A. F., 1893, Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. 8, p. 180. BEAUMONT, 1894, Trans. Liverpool 



Bid. Soc., vol. 7, p. 254. RUSSELL, 1904, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 13, p. 62, plate 5 (references to localities 



on the British coast). BROWNE, 1905, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 25, p. 774 (found in the Firth of Clyde at Little 



Cumbrae and near Keppel pier). MAAS, 1906, Fauna Arctica, Bd. 4, p. 500. 



Medusa urn-shaped, about 6 to 10 mm. wide and of somewhat greater height. Stalk 

 about as long as bell-height, flexible, contractile, and with an irregularly expanded adhesive 

 foot. Bell-margin sinuous, subumbrella deeply concave. 36 to 100 tentacles arranged in 4 

 perradial and 4 interradial clusters of I to 3 tentacles each, and 8 adradial clusters, each con- 

 sisting of about 9 tentacles. The tentacles bear each a terminal knob in adult specimens and 

 are hollow and not retractile. Mouth 4-sided, cruciform, with 4 perradial buttresses, between 

 which there are 4 interradial funnel-like pits in the floor of the subumbrella extending down- 

 ward into the tissue of the 4 septa. The 4 gonads form each an interradial horse-shoe, the 

 outer points of which do not extend to the bell-margin. 



According to Clark, 1863, the perradial stomach-pouches are each bridged across by a 

 cross-partition or claustrum extending over from the sides of adjacent gonads. Thus the gonads 

 are confined within the 4 axial chambers adjacent to the mouth and are separated by cross- 

 partitions from the outer parts of the perradial pouches. 



Color is dirty chocolate-brown, the stalk paler. 



This form grows permanently attached to rocks between tide-limits and does not reattach 

 itself if torn from its anchorage. 



o 



Northern coasts of Europe. It is generally rare, and is found only locally in such places as 

 the Firth of Clyde, Orkney Islands, near Bergen, Norway, Weymouth, England, etc. 



Beaumont, 1894, Maas, 1906, and other recent observers have come to the conclusion that 

 Depastrella carduella Haeckel, 1880 (p. 376, taf. 21, fign. 5 to 12), is only the young or an 

 undeveloped stage of the Depastrum cyathiforme. Also Depastrella allmani, from Handa Island 

 and the Orkneys, and D. polare from Spitzbergen, described by Haeckel, 1880, p. 639, appear 

 to me to be identical with D. cyathiforme. 



When young the tentacles are arranged in a single row around the margin and there is 

 but one tentacle in each perradius and interradius, but when older the perradial and inter- 

 radial tentacles become three times as many, and the adradial ones increase so as to be arranged 

 in several rows. 



It appears to me to be fruitless to attempt to separate species upon the length of the 

 peduncle, its winged or unwinged (contracted or expanded) condition, as has been done by 

 Haeckel, and until more detailed studies of living specimens have proven the contrary to be the 

 case we had better venture to assume that all of the so-called Depastrellas and other forms of 

 the North Atlantic are synonymous with Depastrella cyathiforme. 



Genus STENOSCYPHUS Kishinouye, 1902. 



Stcnoscyphus, KISHINOUYE, 1902, Journal College Science, Tokyo, vol. 17, art. 7, p. 2, figs, i, 2. 

 Stcnoscyphus (?) BROCH, 1907, Hydroiden und Medusen, Report Second Arctic Exped. Fram, No. \^, p. 9. 



The type species is Stenoscyphus inabai Kishinouye, of Japan, which has 8 marginal 

 anchors, 8 clusters of adradial tentacles, and a 4-chambered peduncle. 



