CORONATVE PARAPHYLLINA, PALEPHYRA. 551 



1 6 radiating pouches in the radii of the sense-organs and tentacles; these pouches are separated 

 one from another by 16 septa in the radii of the lappets. These septa may be complete or 

 incomplete; and when incomplete there is a communication between adjacent pouches at the 

 bell-margin forming a peripheral ring-canal. 



The Ephyropsidae are creatures of the open sea and are very widely distributed, but 

 are especially abundant in the tropics. In the case of Nausithoe the scyphostoma larva 

 bears a superficial resemblance to a branching hydroid, and it infests sponges. The ephyra 

 is produced by strobilization. 



The genera of the Ephyropsidae are as follows: 



Palephyra HAECKEL, 1880 (sens. ampl.)= Epii\ra + Paleph\ra + Zoneph\ra Hacckrl. 8 adrajial tentacles, 16 lappets, 



4 interradial gonads. 

 Nautithoe KOLLIKER, 1853= Nausicaa + Nausilhoc + Natiphanta Haeckcl. 8 adradial tentacles, 16 lappets, 8 .ijr.nii.il 



gonads. No subumbrella saccules. 

 Linuche ESCHSCHOLTZ, i&2<)= Linergcs + Linhcus + Linuche Haeckel. Similar to \ausitlioi, but with sac-like gastric 



pouches upon the subumbrclla. 



Genus PALEPHYRA Haeckel, 1880. 



Epltyra+Paltphyra + Zoncphvra, HAECKEL, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, pp. 482-484, 641. 



Palephyra, VANHOFFEN, 1901, Wissen. Ergeb. deutsch. Tiefsee Eipedition, Dampfer FalJlvia, Bd. 3, Lfg. I, p. 31; 1908, 

 deutsche Sudpolar Expedition, Bd. 10, Zool. 2, p. 38. 



The type species is Palephyra antigua Haeckel, from the Red Sea. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Coronatae, with 8 adradial tentacles, 8 (4 perradial and 4 interradial) marginal sense- 

 organs, 16 lappets, and 4 interradial gonads. 



This genus is related to Nausithoe, but is more prim- 

 itive in that there are but 4 interradial instead of 8 adradial 

 genital organs as in Nausithoe. Indeed, in Nausithoe 

 itself the gonads begin to develop in the 4 interradii, but 

 later they divide and migrate into the 8 adradii. 



Haeckel distinguished three genera of medusae with 

 8 tentacles, 8 sense-organs, 16 lappets and 4 interradial 

 gonads: (l) Ephyra, without lappet-pouches; (2) Pale- 

 phyra, with 8 cleft lappet-pouches in the ocular radii; 

 (3) Zonephyra, with 1 6 cleft lappet-pouches in the rho- 

 palar and tentacular radii. Haeckel, however, cut no 

 sections and his ideas of the structure of the gastric 

 cavity are probably erroneous. His Ephyra is apparently 

 FIG. 348.-" Ephyra proper'' Af,-r on i y an immature stage of Palephyra, which is in turn 



Haeckel, in Das Syst. der Medusen. , . , ~ ' * 



identical with Zonephyra. 



"Zonephyra corona" Agassiz and Mayer, 1902 (Mem. Museum Comp. Zool. at Harvard 

 College, vol. 26, p. 157), is apparently a young Pelagia. 



Palephyra antiqua Haeckel. 



Ephyra prometor (young medusa), HAECKEL, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 482, taf. 27, fign. i, 2. 

 Palephyra primigenia (half-grown medusa), HAECKEL, Ibid., p. 483, taf. 27, 6gn. 3-6. 

 Pelephyra antiqua (adult [ ?] medusa), HAECKEL, Ibid., p. 484. 



Bell 20 mm. wide, 8 mm. high. Coronal furrow and pedalia ( ?), 8 adradial tentacles 

 about half as long as bell-radius. 8 sense-organs; 16 spatula-shaped, sharply pointed lappets, 

 half as long as bell-radius. A long 4-sided oesophagus with folded, recurved lips. 4 inter- 

 radial gonads divided in the 4 perradii; each gonad crescent-shaped with the horns recurved. 

 6 to 8 slender gastric cirri in each interradius. 



Tropical Indian Ocean near Madagascar. 



Haeckel describes that which I take to be the young of this medusa zsEph\>ra(Archeph\ra) 

 prometor from the coast of Australia. It is only 8 mm. wide and has 4 simple, interradial, 



