si.\l \ I OBT< >\ll..i: CTANEA. 



.V.I 7 



( ? ?) Mtlunna formosa, HACCIOL, iS.Si, Report I),, -, ,-s, .., M,-.] u5 x Challrngtr Eiped., Zool., vol. 4, p. I. 



Cy, />ic/i, BRANDT, 1838, Mem. A. .,,1 . s, , St. I 1 , vrsbourg, Sci. Nat., ser. 6, i..n,r 4 , ,,. -,-,. taf. u, 13, I-,,- II ,.,,. 



1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 532. YAMIOMIN-, 1006, Nordisches Plankton, Nr. 11, p. 55, fig. :, M, . ,., , 



Arctica, Bd. 4. I,fg. 3, p. 506. 

 Cyanra imporcata, NORMAN, 1865, Nat. Hist. Trans., Northumberland and Durham, vol. I 



the British coast). 



, p. II, I taf. (a young Cyanta from 



Cyanea citrra, KISHINOI vi , 1910, Journal College of Sci. t'niversiu Tokyo, vol. 27, art. 9, p. |6, plate 4, figs. |6, 17 (this is C. 

 jfTTuginta). 



It is practically impossible to draw any fixed distinctions between the various hums of 

 the great C\,m,-<i ot tin- North Atlantic. Intergrading forms are commonly met with and 

 many ot the races are separated only geographically or upon color distinctions which are 

 neither wholly characteristic nor stable. M,-Jusa ctipillata Limn", 174(1, is tin- oldi-st name 

 applied to any ot these medusa;. The following are probably all \aintus ot One and the same 

 species, C. capillata: 



C.\anea capillala. Bell about 50010 1,200 mm. wide. Ocular and interocular clefts of bell-margin not sharp and narrow, 

 but with evenly rounded curm. Bell, palps, and tentacles reddish or yellowish-brown. with ..r red gonads. 



Vanhoffen, 1906, states th.it when the bell is 13 mm. wide there are 7 tentacle* in each adradial cluster, ih. 

 one of each group being the longest. When 20 mm. wide there are 15 ter !t ,luster with -, I..ng ..nrs 



in the middle. When 41 mm. wide there are 35; and when 86 mm. there art 63 tentacles. This variety is no! un- 

 common in the English channel, North Sea, and coast of Norway in summer and autumn. 



Var. lamarckii. Distinguished by the decided blue color of the bell and palps, the c..l,,r liring lighter at the margin 

 than at the center of the bell. Gonads and tentacles nearly white. In other respects this form resembles C. capillala. 

 Vanhoffen states that when the medusa is 43 mm. wide there arc only 20, and when 85 mm. wide only -, i tentacles 

 in each group, thus being only about half as many as in the typical C. capillala of the same diameter. On the other 

 hand the gonads in a medusa of C. lamarcki 43 mm. wide arc about as long as the palps, thus being larger than in 

 (.'. mpillata. This form is found in the English channel along the coasts of France and Great Britain, at Helgoland, 

 and in the entrances to the Baltic, but it does not extend into the Baltic. It becomes 300 mm. w ide. 



Var. arctica. Supposed to be distinguished from the first two forms by the in i palar lappets which 



do not project as far beyond the general contour of the bell-margin as in ('. . < iif>tlltii<i. It i \< r\ lart;e, tti.nit;!] : 

 mens over 800 mm. in diameter are rarely met with. The bell is very variable in color but is ii..u.il|\ rii li brown and 

 yellow, with deeply colored gonads and rich rosin-yellow muscles, and tent nl. , li i i..nnd oil the American 

 north of Cape Cod, where it is abundant during the summer, becoming mature aii'i ill ,i|'|" .tiiiii- in < .ulv autumn. 



FIG. 381. Cyanea ferruginea, according to Eschscholtz, after Vanlu'lTen, in N'ordisches Plankton. 



Var. fulva. A small yellowish-colored variety of C. arctica which ranges from Cape Cod southward to the Carolina 

 coast. It is rarely over 200 mm. wide. At Newport, Rhode Island, it becomes mature early in June and is not seen 

 in July, but on the coast of New Jersey it is found in August. 



Var. nozakii. Similar to C. juh'a, but milk-white in color. Found in the Inland Sea of Japan. 



Var. versicolor. A pink-colored southern variety of Cyanta fulva, which is even smaller, rarely more than lio mm. 

 wide. It forms large swarms during the winter and spring off the coast of tin i ir.-s between Cape Hatteras, 



North Carolina, and southern Florida. 



Var. ferruginea. Of the North Pacific coasts of America and Asia. It is a variety of C. capillala and is apparently identical 

 with the variety C." arctica." It becomes about 450 mm. wide and is light-yellow or orange with the stomach and radial 

 pouches light-brown. The gonads are yellow and the tentacles reddish, although these colors are probably somewhat 

 variable as in other forms of C\anta. 



Var. poslchii appears to be only a local variety of C. capillata. It is found in tin- V-irh IVt.itu from the Aleutian 

 Islands to Oregon and is distinguished by the 16 well-developed clefts which flank the rhopalar lappets and are about 

 half as deep as the adradial clefts; moreover, according to Mertens. the contours of the lappcls .ire r\rnl\ rounded 

 and even the clefts are not narrow, but widen inwardly with rounded contour. A modern study of this medusa is 

 to be desired, for it is possible that Mertens over-emphasizes these peculiarities. The niedu i ..i is l.mnd between 

 Sitka and the Aleutian Isl.m.l., Alaska. 



The following is a detailed description of Cyanea" arctica" of the coast of North America : 



Adult meJusa. The disk is quite flat and lenticular and attains a diameter of 2,300 mm. 



Medusae of this size are very rare, however, and the majority are not over 800 mm. wide. The 



