BEMAEOSTOMEJB AURELIJ \. 



These cysts or statoblasts are formed during resting pi-iiodx m about 15 davs and are incased 

 in a chitinoUS en \elope. After one of these statohlasts is toinml ilu- so phostoma nioM-s a shoit 

 distance and leaves it behind. The r Inn nous em elope ma\ then burst and tlu-cxst de\elops into 

 a polyp with tentacles. When fed upon ova rj l the sea-urchin this scyphostoma M miniated. 



The early development ot'tlu- planula and scyphostonia lias been elaborately studied by 

 Goette, Claus, Hyde, Smith, Friedmann, and others and the results of these researches will be 

 reviewed under Aurellia auntti. 



Friedmann, 1902, finds that in the SCyphostoma the tentacles develop in the order of 

 4, 8, 16, 24; and that the 12 and 20-tentacle conditions are intermediate phases. 



Ann-Ilia aurita Lamarck. 

 Plate 67, fig. 4; plate 68, figs. I to 4. 



iMrJusa aurita, LINNE, 1746, Fauna suecica, No. 1287; 1747, Westgiita Resa, tab. 3, fig. 2; 1758, Syst. Nat., Ed. lo, tomus I 

 p. 660. GMELIN, 1788, Linne's Syst. Natur;e, tumus i, pars 6, p. 3153. 



Medusa, sp., BORLASE, 1758, Nat. Hist, uf Cornwall, p. 257, plate 25, figs, ix ami x. 



Aurelia auriia, LAMARCK, 1816, Hist. Anim. sans. Vert., tome 2, p. 513. EHRENBERG, 1834, AbhanJI. Kgl. Akad. \Visscn., 

 Berlin, p. 99 (variations). DELI.E CHIAJE, 1841, Animali senza Vert., tome 7, Napoli, tav. 144, fig. i; t,u. 14^, tig. 2. 

 ROMANES, G. J., 1875, Nature, vol. 2, p. 29; 1876, Journal Linnean Soc. London, Zool., vol. 12, p. 528; vol. 13, p. 190, 

 plates 15, 16 (variations); 1885, Jellyfish, Star-fish and Sea-urchins, etc., International Scientific Series, vol. 411 

 of pulsation). HAECKEL, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 552 (important list of literature). MOBIUS, 1880, Zool. Anzeigcr, 

 Jahrg. 3, p. 67 (medusa killed by freezing). KRUKENBERC., 1880, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg.3, p. 306 (water content of bod) j. 

 HA ECKEL, 188 1, Metagenesis und Hypogenesis von Aurelia auriia, Jena, 36 pp., 2 taf; Kosmos, Bd. 5, p. 29. M'KENDRICK, 

 1881, Journ. Anat. and Physiol., vol. 15, p. 261 (coloring matter). MOBIUS, 1882, Zool. Anzeiger, [ahrg 5, p. 586. (Aurellia 

 from Kiel contains 97.92 per cent of water.) CLAUS, 1883, Untersuch. ubcr Organization und Entwicklung Medusen, 

 Prag. Leipzig, pp. 1-23, taf. i, fign. 1-20 (development). GRAEFFE, 1884, Arbeit Zool. lust. \\ien. Bd. ;, p. 54;. GoTT, 

 1885, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 8, p. 554 (development); 1887, AbhanJI. EntwickelungsgCBchichte der 'I Lure. H, it 4, I.eip/ic.. 

 (development). MARSHALL, 1888, (juart. Journal Microscop. Sci., vol. iS, |>. 84, I uiprd imiM.le*). Sen KWIAKOI > , 1889, 

 Morphol., Jahrb.,Bd. 15, H, i (structure of sense-chili)- MINCHIN, 1889, I'PK . Zoo]. So, . l.,,ndon, p. 583, 2 plates (brood- 

 pouches of the oral arms). CLAUS, 1890, Arbeit. Zool . In t . \\ien, Bd. 9, p. 85 (de\i-lopment ). tJom:, 1891, Claus und 

 die Entwicklung der Scyphomedusen, I.eip/ig. 64 pp., 24 fign. (controvers) over the manner of development 

 i S')2, Arbeit. Zuol. Inst. Vt'ien., B.I. 10, p. to (development of the scyphostoma). DUNCKIR, 1895, Archiv. fiir N 

 Jahrg. 60, p. 7, plate I (variations). -BROWNE, 1894, Nature, vol. 50, p. c;: ( I . .11 1 UH.MS). SORP.V, 1894, Nature, vol. 50, 

 p. 476 (variations). HERDMAN, 1894, Nature, vol. ^o, p. 426 (variations). -BROWNE, 1895, Quart. Journal Mur 

 Vi., vol. 37, p. 245, plate 25, figs. 1-7; 1901, Journal of Biometrica, vol. i, p. 90, 3 diagrams (comparative variabilitv of 

 rphyra and of adult medusa;). HAACKE, 1897, Zool. Garten, Jahrg. 37, p. 357. UMIOWITZ, 1899, Archiv. Entwickelunr. - 

 mech., Bd.S,p.239,taf. ^ (variations). HEIN, 1900, Zeit. fiir wissen. Zool., Bd. 67, p. 401, 5 text-figs., laf. 24, ;^ (develop- 

 ment). GOTTE, 1900, Zool. Anzeiger, Bd. 23, p. 559 (development). FRIMIVMNN, 1902, Zeit. 1m . .1., Bd. 71, 

 p. 227, taf. 12, 13 (development of tentacle, in scyphostoma). Ht IN, n^oi, /.(ml. An /either., Bd. 25, p. 637 (dcrelopm D 

 VANHOKEF.N, 1902, \\'issen. Ergeb. deut^li. Tn t-ee r.\pe t l., Dampter l'ult!ii'i,i, HJ. }, Lfg. I, pp. 43, 44 (world-widi 

 tribution of A. auriia); 1906, Nordisrhes I'lanklon, \r. I I, p. <>o, lign. z~ ;i . l)i I M', I'|O<>, 1 i-lienes Ireland, Su. Iniert., 

 1905, No. 7, p. 22, I plate (development ). (JonnM', 1909, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, part I, p. 78, plate 24. H^NMIIN, 

 1907, Naturgesch. des Tierreic!is., p. 332, fig. 4)'). 



Aurelia carulea, VON LENDENFELD, 1884, Proc. Linnean Not. New South Wales, vol. 9, p. 280. 



Aurelia colpola, GOTTE, 1886, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissen. Berlin, Jahrg. 1886, p. 836. 



Aurelia aurita var. colpola, MAAS, 1903, ScyphomeduKO >ler Siboga Expedition, M.tnni;. i t, p. ;d, taf. t, fig. 9. BROWNF, 1905, 

 Fauna and Gcog. Maldive and Lacca,li\e An lup. -lagnes, vol. 2, p. 959. 



Aurelia japonica, KISHINOUYE, 1891, Zool. Mag.ume, Tukv", vol. 3, No. 33, p. 289, plate 7. 



Aurelia vitiana, AKASSIZ, A., AND MAYER, 1899, Bull. Museum Comp.Zonl. >1 Harrtrd ( liege, vol. 32, p. 171, plate 10, fig. 35; 

 1902, Memoirs, Ibid., vol. 26, p. 159. 



Aurelia dubia, VANHOFFEN, 1888, Bibliotheca Zoologica, Bd. I, Heft. 3, pp. 20, 24. 



Aurelia ccerulea, VON LENDFNFELD, 1884, Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, p. 180. 



Aurelia cruciata, HAECKEL, 1880, loe.cit., p. 644. 



Aurellia aurita from America. 

 Plate 67, fig. 4; plate 68, figs. I to 4. 



Medusa aurita, FABRICH/S, 1780, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 363, Nr. 356. 



Aurellia favidula, PERON ET LESIFI R, 1809, Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, tome 14, p. 359, No. 91. 



Aurelia favidula, LESSON, 1843, Hist. Zooph. Aial., p. 376. AGASSIZ, L., 1860-'.:. i : i i 4, pp. 10, 12, ^i. 



1 60; vol. 3, plates 6-9, i\a, I2&; plate 10, figs. 18, 22, 31, 32, 36; plate too, figs. 46, 13, 150, 16-41; plate nr, figs. 1-13 

 (development). PACKARD, 1863, Canadian Nat. and (Icol., vol. 8.- V.* i/. \ ., i ^'-;. V-nh \n:r r . V .tl.. p. 42. tigs. 65, 

 66. HAECKEL, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. s -^. I i uns, iSSi.Bull. Mus. C'otnp. Ztml. at Harvard Coll' . 171, 



plate 7, figs. 2-4, 6; 1884, Mem. Mus. Cump. /.mil. at Harvard College, vol. 10, No. 3, plate 8. SMITH, 1891, Bull. M 

 Comp.Zool.at Harvard College, vol.22, p. 1 1 ?. plates 1,2, figs. 1-12 (development). Hint, 1894, Zeit. fur wissrn. Zool., 

 Bd. 58, p. 535, taf. 24, figs. 36-53 (development).- VLRRII i , 1873, Report I ,S ' 1 ish and Fisheries for 187 i 



p. 723. MACALLUM, 1903, Journal of Ph\ . i nul, vol. 29, pp. 213-241 (inorganic composition). 



HARCITT, 1904, Bull. U. S. Bureau oi I-'i-herie- . \c.|. 24, p. (17 (>cyplistom.i- vkitli stolons). 1905, Journal Eiper. Zool., 

 vol. 2, p. 148, figs, and plate (variations). 



Medusa aurita, ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1829, Syst. der Acal., p. 61. 



Aurelia favidula, A. auriia, Ephwa octolobata, GOULD, 1841, Report Invert. Massachusetts, p. 348. 



Aurelia sf.v-oz'rf/is, MtifccH, l8<;7, Beskriv. af Grbnland, p. 95. 



Aurelia auriia, MORCH, 1857, Beskriv. af Gronland, p. 95. STIMPSON, 1853, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. n. 



Aurelia habanensis, MAYER, 1900, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 37, p. 69, plate 24, figs. 73, 74; plate 16, 

 fig. 86 (Cuba to Tortugas). 



