14 VERTEBRATES : MAMMALS. 



broiling sun, and in marshy districts, where other races 

 would sink under disease. They are patient, honest, and 

 passionately fond of simple melodies. 



The Caffres have the cranium higher and more round- 

 ed, the jaws less prominent, and the nose less depressed, 

 than the true Negroes, and the skin varies from dark 

 brown to clear yellowish brown. The Hottentots are 

 low in stature, the head is flatter and the body less ath- 

 letic than in the Caffre, and the color is brownish-yellow, 

 besides various other marked peculiarities. 



The Malayan race extends from Madagascar on the 

 west to Easter Island in the Pacific, and from the island 

 of Formosa to New Zealand. Within these limits there 

 are two or three well-marked divisions of the inhabitants, 

 the Malays proper, the Papuans, and the Australians. . 



The Malayan type proper is characterized by a rather 

 small head, with a capacity of 64 to 89 cubic inches, the 

 dome of the skull high and rounded, the forehead low, 

 face broad and flat, cheek-bones high, nose short and ex- 

 panded, but not flat, mouth wide, upper jaws projecting, 

 angle of lower jaw very prominent, the auditory open- 

 ing placed high up, and the orbital ridges prominent and 

 overhanging. The Malayans are short and robust, the 

 skin varies from clear brown to dark olive and bright 

 yellow, the hair is black, straight, shining, generally 

 rough, and the beard scanty. The Malay proper is 

 treacherous, ferocious, and implacable. The more civil- 

 ized indulge in narcotics to great excess, and the more 

 savage in cannibalism and piracy. 



The Papuans constitute the sole inhabitants of New 

 Guinea and the smaller islands immediately adjacent. 

 They so much resemble the Negroes and Caffres that 

 they are popularly known as the Papuan Negroes. The 

 native Australians are characterized by a spare form, 

 a marked lankness of the limbs, large head, projecting 



