MAN. 13 



and adjacent islands ; and by the Slavonians, who in- 

 habit Turkey, part of Prussia, Poland, and Russia. 



The Mongolian race embraces the inhabitants of Cen- 

 tral, Eastern, and Northern Asia, the Laplanders and 

 Finnlanders of Europe, and the Esquimaux of Greenland 

 and North America. The Mongolian type is character- 

 ized by a broad head, angular face, oblique eyes, tawny 

 skin, rough, straight hair, scanty beard, rather low stature, 

 long body, and short extremities. The facial angle is 

 from 70 to 80, and the capacity of the skull from 69 

 to 73 cubic inches. The Mongolians have less physical 

 strength and energy, and less mental power, than the 

 Caucasians. They are shrewd, crafty, insincere, obsti- 

 nate, cruel to vanquished foes, and contented with a sta- 

 tionary civilization. 



The Ethiopian race embraces the inhabitants of Africa 

 south of the Tropic of Cancer, together with their de- 

 scendants in the United States. The Ethiopian type is 

 characterized by an elongated, narrow cranium, crisp, 

 curly hair, projecting jaws, thick lips, and black or dusky 

 skin. The true Negroes of Western and Central Africa, 

 and the Caffres and Hottentots of Southern Africa, are 

 two prominent divisions of the Ethiopian race. The 

 Negroes, in addition to the characteristics just men- 

 tioned, have the skull thick and heavy, the facial angle 

 from 65 to 70, the mouth wide, face narrow and lower 

 part greatly projecting, the chin retracted, eyes promi- 

 nent, iris black, and the vessels of the eye suffused with 

 a bilious tinge. Their beard is scanty, and chiefly con- 

 fined to the point of the chin. The body is muscular, 

 strong, and symmetrical. The bones of the forearm are 

 somewhat elongated, the shin-bones slightly bent forward, 

 the calves placed high up, the feet broad and heavy, the 

 soles flat, and the heel bone considerably projecting. 

 They can endure hard and protracted labor under a 



