MAN. 9 



posed of two hemispheres, and a muscular diaphragm 

 separates the cavity of the chest from that of the ab- 

 domen. They all breathe air by means of lungs ; the 

 blood is warm, and their circulatory system consists of a 

 heart with four cavities, arteries which carry the blood 

 from the heart to all parts of the body, veins which con- 

 duct the blood back to the heart, and capillary vessels 

 which connect the termination of the arteries with the 

 beginning of the veins. The nose of mammals forms 

 part of the face ; the eyes are protected by two lids, 

 which are generally furnished with eyelashes ; the ears 

 are composed of three parts ; and they are all endowed 

 with vocal organs. Mammals are the highest in rank 

 of all the animals of the globe. The number of spe- 

 cies is about two thousand, distributed among the follow- 

 ing orders : Bimana, or Man ; Quadrumana, or Monkeys ; 

 Cheiroptera, or Bats ; Insectivora, or Insect-eaters ; Car- 

 nivora, or Flesh-eaters ; Marsupialia, or Marsupials ; * 

 Rodentia, or Gnawers ; Edentata, or Edentates ; Pachy- 

 dermata,f or Pachyderms ; Ruminantia, or Ruminants ; 

 and Cetacea, or Cetaceans. 



SUB-SECTION I. 



THE ORDER OF BIMANA, OR MAN. 



THE structure of Man is essentially the same in kind 

 as that of other mammals, differing only or mainly in de- 

 gree ; yet the degrees of difference separate him widely 

 from all other animals, and place him in an order by 

 himself, and far above all other organized beings. He is 

 the only animal to which the erect position is natural ; 



* Marsupials are now considered as a Sub-Class parallel with other mam- 

 malian quadrupeds. In fact, Cuvier so regarded them, but treated them as 

 an Order. 



f Many modern systematists unite the Pachyderms and Ruminants in one 

 Order, called Herbivores, or Plant-eaters. 



