84 PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY 



of typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and intestinal diseases oi 

 infants. 1 



Control by Departments of Health. -- Public nuisances may 

 be abated by most health authorities and the breeding places 

 thus abolished. The rules issued in the District of Columbia 

 for this purpose have been summarized as follows: 1 



All stables in which animals are kept shall have the surface 

 of the ground covered with a water-tight floor. Every person 

 occupying a building where domestic animals are kept shall 

 maintain in connection therewith a bin or pit for the reception 

 of the manure, and, pending the removal from the premises of 

 the manure from the animal or animals, shall place such manure 

 in said bin or pit. This bin shall be so constructed as to exclude 

 rain water, and shall in all other respects be water-tight except 

 as it may be connected with the public sewer. It shall be pro- 

 vided with a suitable cover and constructed so as to prevent the 

 ingress and egress of flies. No person owning a stable shall keep 

 any manure or permit any manure to be kept in or upon any 

 portion of the premises other than in the bin or pit described, 

 nor shall he allow any such bin or pit to be overfilled or need- 

 lessly uncovered. Horse manure may be kept tightly rammed 

 into well-covered barrels for the purpose of removal in such 

 barrels. Every person keeping manure in the more densely pop- 

 ulated parts of the District shall cause all such manure to be 

 removed from the premises at least twice every week between 

 June i and October 31, and at least once every week between 

 November i and May 31 of the following year. No person shall 

 remove or transport any manure over any public highway in 

 any of the more densely populated parts of the District except 

 in a tight vehicle which, if not inclosed, must be effectually 

 covered with canvas, so as to prevent the manure from being 

 dropped. No person shall deposit manure removed from the 

 bins or pits within any of the more densely populated parts of 

 the District without a permit from the health officer. 



1 Hewitt, C. G., House-Flies and How They Spread Disease. 



