xin PHYLUM CHORDATA 469 



tail is very short. Clavicles are absent. There is a centrale in 

 the carpus. The stomach is divided into two parts by a constric- 

 tion. The large intestine has connected with it a pair of large 

 supplementary caeca. There is no gall-bladder. The testes do not 

 descend into a scrotum. There are six teats, four in the groin and 

 two in the axillae. The villi surround the placenta in a broad band 

 (zonary placenta). 



This sub-order includes only a single family, the Hyracidoe, with 

 two genera, Hyrax and Dendrohyrax. 



Sub- order b . Proboscidea . 



Large Subungulata with greatly thickened integument scantily 

 furnished with hair ; with massive limbs, each having five complete 

 digits united by skin, but each terminating in a distinct hoof ; 

 and with the nose produced into a long, flexible, and prehensile 

 proboscis or trunk, at the end of which the external nares are 

 situated. In existing forms only a single pair of incisors is present, 

 situated in the upper jaw, and developed into enormous tusks. 

 There are no canines, and the molars are large and transversely 

 ridged. The stomach is simple. The testes do not descend into a 

 scrotum. There are two teats, situated on the thorax. The uterus 

 is two-horned, the placenta deciduate and zonary. 



This sub-order includes among existing forms only the Elephants 

 (Elephas). 



ORDER 5. CARNIVORA. 



Mostly carnivorous Eutheria with furry integument, with never 

 less than four well-developed digits in the rnanus and pes, all 

 provided with claws, which are frequently more or less retractile. 

 The pollex and hallux are never capable of being opposed to the 

 other digits. The clavicle is frequently absent, and, when present, 

 is never complete. There is often a foramen over the inner con- 

 dyle of the humerus. The scaphoid and lunar of the carpus are 

 always united, and there is never an os centrale. 



They are diphyodont and heterodont, and the teeth are provided 

 with roots. The incisors, usually three pairs in the upper and three 

 in the lower jaw, are small and chisel-shaped. The canines are 

 usually large, conical, curved, and pointed. The premolars and 

 molars are usually compressed and trenchant, especially the most 

 anterior. The stomach is simple ; the caecum, when present, is 

 small. The brain is usually highly developed, and the cerebral 

 hemispheres always convoluted. The teats are abdominal. The 

 uterus is two-horned ; the placenta deciduate and nearly always 

 zonary. 



Sub-order a. Carnivora vera. 



Carnivora which have the limbs nearly always adapted for a 

 terrestrial existence, with all the digits usually provided with 



