528 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



In the carpus there is a centrale between the scaphoid and the 

 trapezoid. There are five digits, the first very small ; in some the 

 last is represented only by a vestigial metacarpal. 



In the femur an indistinct ridge-like elevation is to be regarded 

 as representing the third trochanter. The foot resembles that of 

 the Rhinoceros in having three digits developed ; but there is a 

 small bone representing the fifth metatarsal, and the ungual 

 phalanx of the second is cleft. 



In the Proboscidea the coracoid process is small. The acromion 

 presents a recurved process or metacromion, as in Rodents. The 

 clavicle is absent. The radius and ulna are permanently fixed 

 in the prone condition. The manus is short and broad ; the carpals 

 are squarish, with flat articular surfaces. There is no centrale ; 

 five digits are present. The pelvis has its long axis nearly vertical. 

 The iliac crest is directed transversely, and is greatly expanded ; 

 the iliac and gluteal surfaces look almost directly forwards and 

 backwards. The pubes and ischia are comparatively small. The 

 femur is very long as compared with that of the Ungulata vera. 

 There is no third trochanter. The fibula is complete. The foot 

 is short and broad, somewhat smaller than the manus. 



Skeleton of the Carnivora. In the Carnivora the atlas is 

 very large, with wing-like lateral processes. The neural spine 

 of the axis is elongated and compressed, the odontoid conical. 



The other cervical vertebra 

 have small spines and large 

 transverse processes. There 

 are twenty or twenty-one 

 thoraco - lumbar vertebrae. 

 The most anterior thoracics 

 have long, slender, back- 

 wardly-sloping spines. In 

 the posterior thoracics large 

 metapophyses and anapo- 

 physes are developed. The 

 transverse processes of the 

 lumbar vertebrae are ex- 

 tremely long and the spines 

 short. The sternum is long 

 and narrow, composed usually 

 of eight or nine pieces. The 

 sternal ribs are almost un- 

 calcified. 



In the skull of the Carnivora 

 vera (Figs. 1178 and 1180) 

 there are prominent sagittal and lambdoidal crests. The temporal 

 fossae are very deep ; the orbits are not separated from them by 

 bone. The relative development of the facial region varies in 



FIG. 1178. Skull of Tiger (Fe'is tigris). 

 Blainville.) 



(After 



