530 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT- 



The cranium in the Pinnipedia (Fig. 1184) is broad and rounded, 

 rather compressed from above downwards. The orbits are large 

 and approach near to one another. 



In the Carnivora vera the spine of the scapula is situated at 

 about the middle of the outer surface of the bone. The acromion 



ff 



Fia. 1181. Section of the left auditory bulla and surrounding bones of a Bear (Urmsferox). 

 a. m. external auditory meatus ; B.O. basi-occipital ; Car. carotid canal ; e. eustachian 

 canal ; Sg. squamosal ; T. tympanic ; t. tympanic ring. (After Flower.) 



is usually well developed, sometimes with a metacromion. The 

 coracoid process is very small. The clavicle is never complete, 

 sometimes entirely absent. There is a supra-condyloid foramen 

 in the Cats and some of the other groups, not in the Dogs or Bears. 

 The scaphoid and lunar are united (Fig. 1182). There is no 

 centrale. Usually a radial sesamoid is present. There are five 



7V? 



FIG. 1182. Carpus of Bear (Ursus 

 americanus). c. cuneiform ; m. mag- 

 num ; p. pisiform ; r.s. radial sesamoid ; 

 si. scapho-lunar ; td. trapezoid ; tm. 

 trapezium ; M. unciform. (After 

 Flower.) 



FIG. 1183. The phalanges of the inidille digit 

 of the manus of the Lion (Feiis leo). ph l . 

 proximal phalanx ; ph z . middle phalanx ; 

 ph s . ungual phalanx ; a, the central portion 

 forming the internal support to the horny 

 claw ; b, the bony lamina reflected around the 

 base of the claw. (After Flower.) 



digits, though the pollex may be reduced in size, as in the Dog, 

 and it is vestigial in the Hyaena. 



The pelvis is long and narrow. In the tarsus all the ordinary 

 bones are developed. The hallux is fully formed in the Bears, etc., 

 but shorter than the other digits. In the Cats and Dogs it is 

 represented only by a vestige of the metatarsal. 



