XIII 



PHYLUM CHORDATA 



539 



in the scapula the spine, acromion, and coracoid process are well 

 developed. In Man and the higher Apes the glenoid border of the 



re 

 r-s- 



FIG. 1190. Skeleton of Orang (Simla satyr us). (After Blainville.) 



scapula is much longer than the coracoid border. In the lower 

 Monkeys, on the other hand, these borders are nearly equal. The 

 humerus is comparatively long and slender ; the tuberosities and 

 ridges are not, as a rule, very strongly de- 

 veloped. In Man and the Simiidse the bone 

 is twisted around its long axis ; in the lower 

 forms this torsion is absent. In Man and a 

 the higher Apes the foramen above the 

 inner condyle is absent ; it is present in 

 many of the American Monkeys and in 

 most Lemurs. Characteristic of the ulna 

 of Man and the higher Apes is the small 

 upward extension of the olecranon process. 

 The radius and ulna are distinct in all ; in 

 the higher forms the shafts of the two bones 

 are bent outwards, so that there is a wide 

 interosseous space, and there is considerable 

 freedom of movement in pronation and 

 supination. In the carpus (Fig. 1191) the .scaphoid and lunar are 

 always distinct, and a centrale is present in all except some of the 



FIG. 1191. Carpus of Baboon 

 (Ci/nocephalus anitbis). ce. 

 centrale ; c. cuneiform ; /. 

 lunare ; m. magnum ; p. 

 pisiform ; rs. radial sesa- 

 moid ; s. scaphoid ; tit. trupe- 

 zoid ; tm. trapezium ; ti. 

 unciforni. (After Flowt-r.) 



