580 ZOOLOGY SECT. 



with the exception of one African and one North American species, 

 are confined to the Nearctic and Oriental regions. Goats are also 

 mainly Nearctic and Oriental. Antelopes are confined to the Old 

 World, and are by far more numerous in the Ethiopian than in other 

 regions. The Prongbucks are Nearctic ; the Giraffes exclusively 

 Ethiopian. Deer are widely distributed in the Nearctic, Neo- 

 tropical, Palsearctic, and Oriental regions, but are absent from the 

 Ethiopian. The Camels are natives of the Old World ; the Llamas 

 of the Neotropical region. Wild species of Pigs are widely dis- 

 tributed in the Old World and are absent in the New ; while the 

 Peccaries are confined to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. 

 Hippopotami are confined to Africa. The Horses, including the 

 Zebras and Asses, are restricted at the present day, as regards their 

 natural distribution, to the Old World, though they abounded also 

 in America in the Pleistocene period. Rhinoceroses are Oriental 

 and Ethiopian. Tapirs have a singular distribution, one species 

 occurring in the Malay Archipelago, and the rest in the Neotropical 

 region. Hyraxes are confined to Africa, Arabia, and Syria. Of the 

 Elephants, one species is confined to the Oriental, the other to the 

 Ethiopian regions, but fossil remains prove that in Pleistocene 

 times the range of the Elephants, and their gigantic extinct allies, 

 the Mammoths, was very much wider, and extended over Northern 

 Africa and the entire Palsearctic region. Only one fossil species has 

 been found in America. 



Carnivora, if we leave out of account the Australian Dingo or 

 Native Dog, are absent in the Australian, Polynesian, and New 

 Zealand regions, but range over all the other geographical provinces. 

 The Cats and the Dogs are found in all parts of this extensive area : 

 the Hyenas are restricted to the Western part of the Oriental 

 region and the warmer parts of the Holarctic and the Ethiopian. 

 The Civets are most abundant in Africa, Madagascar, and South- 

 Eastern Asia, but occur also in the Southern parts of Europe ; 

 and many of the smaller groups have a yet more restricted range. 

 Bears have a wide distribution, but are absent from the whole of 

 the Ethiopian region. 



The majority of the Pinnipedia are found in the Arctic and 

 Antarctic regions, and in the temperate zones of both hemispheres, 

 few ranging into the tropics. The Walruses are almost exclusively 

 Northern, while the Eared Seals and Earless Seals are almost equally 

 abundant in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. 



The Rodents have a wider range than any others of the orders of 

 land Mammals, and occur in all parts of the globe, though they are 

 poorly represented in Australia and Madagascar. The Rodents 

 reach their greatest development, as regards the number of 

 families, in South America, in which region occur also the majority 

 of the largest members of the order. 



Insectivora are absent in the Australian, Polynesian, and New 



