xvi THE HISTORY OF ZOOLOGY 663 



On board the United States cruisers Blake and Albatross Alex. 

 Agassiz made several cruises in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-80 and 

 1891), the Tropical Pacific (1899-1900), and the Eastern Pacific 

 (19041905), the results of which have been in part published in 

 The Memoirs and Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of 

 Harvard College. The results of the German Deep Sea Expedi- 

 tion of 1898, under the leadership of C. Chun, have been appear- 

 ing in a long series of Memoirs since 1892 ; and those of the 

 German Plankton Expedition (1889) since the same year, under 

 the editorship of V. A. C. Hensen. An important scientific 

 expedition to the Dutch East Indies was the cruise of the Siboga 

 (1899-1900) under the directorship of Max Weber. 



In land-travel, numerous journeys, and especially those of 

 A. R. Wallace in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil, and of 

 H. W. Bates in Brazil, have not only added immensely to our 

 knowledge of the genera of the countries visited, but have enriched 

 the science with the ideas of protective and aggressive characters, 

 of mimicry, and of the relations of organism to environment 

 generally. 



The establishment of Zoological gardens in different parts of 

 the world notably in Paris and London, Stellingen, Berlin, 

 Hamburg, and New York has added greatly to our knowledge 

 both of the habits and of the anatomy of animals, and a similar 

 advance in the investigation of marine animals has followed upon 

 the establishment of Zoological Stations or Marine Laboratories 

 in various countries. The earliest and most important of these 

 is the Naples Station, founded in 1870 by Anton Dohrn. The 

 results of the researches there carried on form the most elaborate 

 and sumptuous series of zoological monographs ever published. 

 Other stations with similar aims have been instituted in all parts 

 of the world : of these may be mentioned those of Plymouth, 

 Wimereux, Roscoff, Banyuls-sur-Mer, Kiel, Helder, Trieste, Woods 

 Hoi 1 , and Tokyo : to these have been added in some countries 

 stations for the study of the fresh-water and terrestrial faunas. 



The establishment of Zoological (or Biological) Laboratories in 

 connection with Universities is also a work of the last forty years, 

 and has had an important influence both in diffusing a knowledge 

 of the science and in stimulating research. Even more recent is 

 the complete change of view as to the functions and arrangement 

 of a Museum. Formerly it was looked upon as a collection of 

 curiosities, in which everything was to be exhibited to the public. 

 Now, thanks in great measure to Sir W. H. Flower in England, 

 and Browne Goode in America, special collections are formed 

 for study and research, while the cases accessible to the public are 

 gradually becoming a series of actual illustrations of zoological 

 science, in which not only the principles of classification, but the 

 chief facts of structure, life-history, and habit are strikingly and 



