lv PEEFACE. 



Many of the other illustrations are from Carpenter's 

 " Principles of Comparative Physiology," and Carpen- 

 ter's "Microscope and its Revelations ;" Milne-Edwards' 

 "Manual of Zoology;" Brehm's " Lehrbuch der Zoolo- 

 gie;" T. Kymer Jones's "Animal Creation;" Wood- 

 ward's "Recent and Fossil Shells;" and from Flower's 

 " Osteology of the Mammalia." 



About twenty of the cuts were kindly furnished by 

 Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., from his excellent' " Guide to the 

 Study of Insects ; " and three from his paper " On the 

 Development of Polyphemus." And about twenty are, 

 by permission, from Professor A. E. Verrill and Professor 

 S. I. Smith's valuable "Report upon the Invertebrates 

 of Yineyard Sound," and Verrill's instructive paper on 

 " External and Internal Parasites of Man and Domestic 

 Animals." 



The author is also under obligations to Professor J. D. 

 Dana and to Messrs. Dodd & Mead, for nine illustrations 

 from Dana's charming work on "Corals and Coral 

 Islands;" and to Professor A. Hyatt, for one from his 

 " Observations on the Polyzoa," and to Dr. Elliot Coues, 

 for six from his "Key to JSTorth American Birds," and to 

 the publishers of the "American Naturalist," for two 

 and to the " Popular Science -Monthly," for one. 



The author desires to express his thanks to Dr. A. S. 

 Packard, Jr., for information in regard to Insects and 

 Crustaceans; and to Professor A. E. Verrill for informa- 

 tion and suggestions in regard to Crustaceans, Worms, 



-f-v OO O 



and Polyps. 



J^or would he forget to thank his Publishers for their 

 liberal expenditures which have enabled him to illustrate 

 extensively every part of the work. 



WILLIAMS COLLEGE, 



WlLLIAMSTOWN, MASS. 



JULY. 1875. 



