UKGULATA OE HOOFED ANIMALS. 95 



SUB-SECTION V. 

 THE OKDER OF UNGULATA OR HOOFED ANIMALS. 



The mammals which belong to the Order of Ungulata, 

 have the terminal joints of the toes encased with thick 

 nails called hoofs, and the hinder part of their feet covered 

 with hairy skin continuous with the general integument 

 of the animal. These mammals have never more than 

 four toes completely developed ; and they have no clavicles. 

 The name of this order comes from the Latin ungula, a 

 hoof.* 



The incisor teeth of the Ungulates are normally six in 

 the upper jaw, and six in the lower ; but in many cases 

 those of the upper jaw are fewer than six ; and incisor 

 teeth are wholly wanting in the upper jaw of the Oxen, 

 Antelopes, Deer, Sheep, and Goats those of the lower 

 jaw, together with the two canines, making a series of 

 eight teeth similar in appearance, shutting against a hard 

 pad above. 



Many of the members of the Ungulates as the Camels, 

 Giraffe, Oxen, Antelopes, Sheep, Goats, Deer, Hippopota- 

 mus, and Hogs, and many fossil forms, as those known 

 as Sivatherium, Oreodon, Anoplotherium, etc. have each 

 of their feet terminating in an even number of toes, and 

 hence are called Even-toed ungulates or AETIODACTYLS, 

 from the Greek artios, even, and dactyliis, a finger. And 

 it may be added here that the third and fourth toes of the 



* The Ungulata include all the animals formerly comprised in- the old 

 groups Pachydermata and Huminantia, excepting only the Elephant and its 

 allies, and Hyrax. 



