UNGULATA OE HOOFED ANIMALS. 97 



On the other hand, many ungulates as the Horses, 

 Rhinoceroses, Tapirs, etc., and many fossil forms called 

 Macrauchenia Paleotherium, etc. have an odd number 

 of toes, and, hence, are called PERISSODACTYLS, from 

 the Greek perissos, uneven and dactylus, a linger. In 

 these it is the third digit which is the most prominent 

 one. 



Many of the 'Artiodactyls chew the cud, that is, mas- 

 ticate their food a second time, and, hence, are called the 

 Ruminantia. Such are the Camels, Giraffe, Oxen, Ante- 

 lopes, Sheep, Goats, Deer, etc. In accordance with this 

 faculty, these animals have the stomach composed of four 

 compartments (see Fig. 102), each having a special func- 



FIG. 102. 



Gullet. 



Cardia 



Third Stomach... 



Intestine. 



Pylorus. Fourth Second Paunch. 

 stomach, stomach. 



Stomach of a Ruminant Sheep. 



tion. The food being partially chewed is passed into the 

 largest stomach or paunch ; thence into the second 

 stomach, or honey-comb, where it is moistened and com- 

 pressed into pellets, which afterwards ascend to the mouth 

 and are rechewed mainly while the animal is at rest ; the 

 remasticated food descends directly to the third stomach 

 or leaflet, thence to the fourth stomach or caillette, which 



