PREFACE V 



In truth, the pupil may have known this before 

 coming under the teacher's guidance. A repetition 

 with no addition will tend to dull the interest. The 

 pupil should be encouraged to see that much remains to 

 be observed. The author believes that there is material 

 in this book which will meet the requirements of nature- 

 study along the lines represented. This opinion is 

 strengthened by the fact that teachers who have pur- 

 sued this work under the author's direction have after- 

 ward used it successfully in the nature-study lessons 

 in the lower grades of the public schools. 



The illustrations have received special consideration. 

 In places they supplant the text. For example : Fol- 

 lowing the account of the life cycle of the butterfly, a 

 day-flying form, there are twenty-one figures illustrat- 

 ing the stages of growth and development of a moth, a 

 night-flying form, belonging to the same group. It is 

 believed that this manner of presenting the character- 

 istic differences will tend to induce personal observa- 

 tions on the developing forms themselves. 



The colored plates, and drawings where not other- 

 wise credited, are the work of Miss Ella Weeks, to 

 whom the author wishes to express his obligations. 

 These were all drawn from nature or mounted speci- 

 mens, and were originally prepared for this work with 

 the exceptions of figures 153, 154, 156, 158, 159, from 

 articles by the author in the Kansas University Quar- 

 terly; and figures 112, 116, 117, 171, 172, 193-207, 

 209-211, from contribution ~No. 65, a department pub- 

 lication by the author. Figures 50, 108, 168, 170, and 

 180 are photographs from department negatives. The 



