ELEMENTARY STUDIES IN INSECT LIFE 



FIG. 42. Two pupa-cases of black swallowtail butterfly. The one on left has 

 attached itself to white stick, the one on right to black stick, showing adaptation of 

 color of pupa-case to its surroundings. About three-fourths natural size. Photo- 

 graphed from life. 



There are but few of us who have not at some time 

 experienced the sting of a bee or a wasp. Among bees 

 this weapon is brought into use, not alone as protection 

 against intruders, such as man, but is much used against 

 the unwelcome visitors of its own tribe. Had not nature 

 equipped the bee with such means of defense, this val- 

 uable insect, on account of the attraction the honey 

 presents to man and other animals, would years ago 

 have succumbed to the attacks of those seeking its 

 precious stores. 



