126 



ELEMENTARY STUDIES IN INSECT LIFE 



for its transformations. From the pupa-case it awakens 

 to spread depredation wherever fate may have placed it, 



The loss due to this apple pest reaches enormous 

 sums. One year it was estimated that the loss in the 

 State of Illinois clue to this apple worm amounted to 

 $L\:5 75,000, or one-half of the average apple crop. An- 

 other year the insect is said to have caused a loss of 

 $2,000,000 to the apple crop of Nebraska. 



The average annual crop of apples in New York 



m^r :- -3,.m 



"- I ** 



FIG. 104. Some codling moths natural size. After photograph by M. V. 

 Slingerland. 



amounts to about 5,000,000 barrels: at $1.50 per 

 barrel this would amount to $7,500,000. Although 

 New York fruit-growers are fighting this insect, with 

 modern methods, it is estimated that the wormy apples 

 amount to about one-third of the total crop ; or in other 

 words, New York apple-growers pay an annual tribute 

 for the ravages of this pest of about $2,500,000 worth 

 of apples. To this must bo added at least $500,000 

 worth of pears. This makes a total tax which is to be 

 borne by the fruit-growers of New York amounting to 

 $3,000,000. 



This insect's food consists largely of apples, wild 



