OUE FKIENDS AND FOES 



should be placed, upright, a sheet-iron or canvas back. 

 This back should be about three feet high. Its purpose 

 is to prevent the insects flying over the pans. When 

 the machine is ready for use, place two buckets of 

 water and half a gallon of coal oil in each pan, hitch 

 one horse to each of the outside runners of the hopper- 

 dozer, and then drive back and forth across the field 

 where the grasshoppers are either entering or are at 

 work. As fast as the insects fill the pans, remove, and 

 replenish with oil and water. This cheap and effective 

 mixture of coal oil and water proves deadly to insect 

 life. Where grasshoppers are troublesome, if the 

 farmer will either plow or harrow his land in the 

 early spring, and then in the summer will kill by 

 means of the hopperdozer those that he did not destroy 

 in the egg stage, he will practically destroy all the 

 insects of this kind upon his farm. 



The Army Worm. There is an insect which occa- 

 sionally appears in great numbers in the caterpillar 

 stage. When in quest of food these larvte are wont to 

 move in one general direction, eating all vegetation as 

 they go. From these habits this insect frequently gets 

 the name of the " army worm." 1 These insects occur 

 every year, but not always in numbers sufficient to at- 

 tract general attention. Sometimes, however, the num- 

 ber of eggs deposited early in the season becomes very 

 great, and the larvae hatched therefrom become so 

 numerous that they are forced to travel in order to 

 obtain food. Their traveling, rolling and piling one 

 over another is not instinctive, but is simply a condition 

 brought about by reason of their great numbers. When 



sp. 



