OUR FRIENDS AND FOES 



wing and the female two black spots in the fore wing. 

 The points of the fore wings are also black. The under 

 side of the wing is usually darker. These butterflies 

 are to be seen in the early spring. They spend the 

 winter in the pupal stage. They lay their eggs gener- 

 ally upon sonic one of the plants that belong to the 

 mustard family. These eggs hatch and the insects 

 come to maturity in time to lay their eggs upon the 

 early cabbage plants. Their presence is soon told by 

 the ugly holes which appear in the outer leaves of the 

 growing cabbage plant. Tin- caterpillars themselves 

 show their protective characteristics in a marked degree, 

 in that when feeding upon the cabbage leaves they re- 

 semble the leaf so nearly in color and lie so closely to 

 the plant tis-ue that they are easily overlooked. They 

 can he destroyed, however, by the arsenical spray de- 

 scribed on page 303. This is an effective remedy, and 

 can be applied in the spring without fear of the poison 

 remaining there to endanger the lives of persons who will 

 later eat the cabbage, if applied before the cabbage-head 



has formed. 



Some Beneficial Insects.- -These are some of the prin- 

 cipal insect enemies of the farmer. lie, like the fruit- 

 grower, has friends among the insects, and these friends 

 are of the same general character as those of the fruit- 

 grower, viz., destroyers of noxious insects, by preying 

 upon them, by being parasitic upon such injurious 

 forms, and as pollenizers of the various crops. In addi- 

 tion, certain other insects are beneficial in that they eat 

 and therefore destroy certain noxious plants. An illus- 

 tration of beneficial results derived from the predaccous 

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