LIMBS AND GIRDLES. 



465 



the limb between them, and of a ventral, usually anterior, 

 pubic portion. 



The fore limb from Amphibians onwards consists 

 of a humerus articulating with the girdle, a lower arm 

 composed of radius and ulna lying side by side, a wrist 



-ft 



FIGS. 224 and 225. Ideal fore- and hind- limb. After Gegenbaur. 



H., Humerus; R., radius; U., ulna; ;-'., radiale ; '., ulnare ; /., 

 intermedium ; c., centrale ; 1-5, carpalia bearing the correspond- 

 ing digits with metacarpals (tc.) and phalanges (ph.). 

 f., Femur ; //., tibia ; _fi., fibula ; ?'., intermedium ; t., tibiale (astra- 

 galus); f., fibulare (<?.$ ca/c/Jr);*:., centrale; 1-5, tarsalia bearing the 

 corresponding digits with metatarsals (;///.) and phalanges (ph.). 



or carpus of several elements, a " hand " with metacarpal 

 bones in the " palm," and with fingers composed of several 

 phalanges. 



The hind limb - - from Amphibians onwards - - consists 

 of a femur articulating with the girdle, a lower leg com- 

 posed of a tibia and fibula lying side by side, an "ankle" 



30 



