RHYNCHO CEPHALIA . 



597 



esteemed as food; the hawk's-bill turtle (Caretta imbricata) furnishes 

 much of the commercial tortoise-shell. 



Testudinidae, land tortoises, with convex perfectly ossified carapace 

 and feet adapted for walking. They are found in the warmer regions 

 of both the Old and the New World, but not in Australia. In diet they 

 are vegetarian. The common tortoise ( Testi(dogr<zca} and the extermin- 

 ated giant tortoises of the Mascarene and Galapagos Islands are good 

 representatives. 



Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA. 



The only living representative of this " class " is the 

 New Zealand " Lizard " or Tuatara Hat ten a (Sphenodon) 



FIG. 293. Lateral view of brain of Hatteria punctata, 

 After Osawa. 



i- 1 2, Cranial nerves ; p.e., parietal eye ; h.g., pineal gland ; o., optic 

 lobe; c., cerebellum; v., fourth ventricle ; /'., infundibulum and 

 pituitary body. 



punctata. Lizard-like in appearance, it measures from one 

 to two feet in length, has a compressed crested tail, is dull 

 olive-green spotted with yellow above and whitish below. 

 It is now rare, but is preserved in some small islands off 

 the New Zealand coast. It lives in holes among the rocks 

 or in small burrows, feeds on small animals, and is nocturnal 

 in habit. 



The skull, unlike that of any lizard, has an ossified quadrato-jugal, 

 and therefore a complete infra-temporal arcade ; the quadrate is firmly 

 united to pterygoid, squamosal, and quadrato-jugal ; the pterygoids 

 meet the vomer and separate the palatines ; there are teeth on the 



