SPIDERS. 351 



or else truly chelate. The first pair of limbs are like antenna?. 

 Respiration is by two pairs of abdominal lung-sacs. In Thelyphonns 

 there is a long terminal whip, 



Order 4. PHALAXGID/E (or OPILIONINA). " Harvest-men, 1 ' e.g. 



FJialangiioii. 



The small spider-like i; harvest-men' 5 are noted for their extremely 

 long legs, by which they stalk slowly along, avoiding the glare of day. 

 The broad six-segmented abdomen is not distinct from the unsegmented 

 cephalothorax ; the chelicerre are chelate ; the pedipalps are like legs. 

 Respiration is by tubular tracheae. The harvest-men are sometimes 

 called daddy-longlegs, but we reserve that name for the crane-fly 

 ( Tipula oleracea). Nor are they to be confused with the troublesome 

 "harvest-bugs" (Trombidiinn holosericeuni), which are minute red 

 mites. The harvest-men do not trouble us, but feed on small insects. 



Order 5. SOLPUGIIXK or SOLIFUG.E, e.g. Gakodcs or Solpnga. 



Active, pugnacious, venomous, nocturnal animals, found in the 

 warmer parts of the earth. The head and abdomen are distinct from 

 the thorax. The thorax has three segments, the abdomen nine or ten. 

 The chelicene are chelate, the pedipalps like long legs. The respiration 

 is by means of tubular trachea.'. The segmentation of the thorax is 

 remarkable. 



Order 6. ARANEID.*:. Spiders. 



Spiders are found almost everywhere upon the earth, and 

 a few are at home in fresh water. Most of them live on 

 the juices of insects, and many form w r ebs in which their 

 victims are snared. They may be divided, according to 

 habit, into the wanderers who spin little, and the sedentary 

 forms who spin much. 



The body of a spider is very distinctly divided into two 

 parts : the cephalothorax and the abdomen, connected by 

 a narrow waist. The chitinous cuticle varies in hardness, 

 hairiness, and colouring : it has, as usual, to be moulted 

 as the spider grows. Thus the young garden-spider moults 

 eight times in its first year. 



There are six pairs of appendages 



1. The two-jointed chelicerce or falces, whose terminal joint or fang 

 bends down on the other in " sub-chelate r ' fashion, and is perforated 

 by the duct of a poison gland. 



2. The leg-like, usually six-jointed, non-chelate pedipalps, whose 

 basal joint helps in mastication, while the terminal joint in the male 



