ANTHROPOMORPHIDsE OR SIMIID.Z. 7^7 



or dog-like. Besides the general Catarrhine characters, 

 the following are noteworthy :- -The sternum is long and 

 narrow; there are 19-20 dorse-lumbar vertebrae; the 

 foramen magnum is directed backwards ; the arms are 

 shorter than the legs ; the hairs of the arm are all directed 

 towards the hand ; the skin forms callosities, often brightly 

 coloured over the ischia ; there are usually cheek-pouches ; 

 the caecum is conical and without a vermiform appendix. 



In the sub-family Cercopithecidic there are cheek pouches, the 

 stomach is simple, and the fore- and hind-limbs are almost equal. 



Examples. The African baboons ( Cynocephalns], e.g. the mandrill 

 (C. maiinon), notable for the bright colours of the face and 

 hips in the adult males ; the macaques (Macacus), all Asiatic 

 except the tailless Barbary ape (M. inn us] of X. Africa and 

 Gibraltar ; the African Cercopithecus. 



In the sub-family Setnnopithecinse there are no cheek pouches, the 

 stomach is sacculated in a complex fashion, and the hind-limbs are 

 longer than the fore-limbs. 



Examples. The sacred Indian apes (Semnopithecus), the African 

 Colobus, and the proboscis monkey (Nasalis) of Borneo. 



Family 4. ANTHROPOMORPHID.*: or SIMIID.E ( = Anthropo- 

 morph Catarrhina). Anthropoid Apes. 



This family includes the Gibbons (Hylobates\ the Orang 

 (Simla), the Chimpanzees (Anthropopithecus\ and the Gorilla 

 (Gorilla). As they are most like man, they are called 

 Anthropoid. 



Along with the general Catarrhine characters the following 

 are noteworthy :- -The sternum is short and broad; there 

 are 16-18 dorso-lumbar vertebrae; the arms are longer than 

 the legs ; the hairs of the upper arm are directed down- 

 wards, those of the forearm upwards ; except the plantigrade 

 gibbons, the apes tend to walk on the edges of their feet ; 

 there are no cheek pouches ; there are no ischial callosities 

 except in gibbons ; the caecum has a vermiform appendix. 



The Gibbons (Hylobatcs) live in S.-E. Asia, especially in the Malayan 

 region. The largest attains a height of 3 ft. They walk erect with 

 the hands reaching the ground. The skull is not prolonged into a 

 vertical crest. There is an os centrale in the carpus. The hallux is 

 well developed. The only flat nails are those of pollex and hallux. 

 There are 13 ribs and 18 dorso-lumbar vertebra. There are small 

 ischial callosities, the only instance in Anthropoids. They are mainly 



