IIELMINTHOLOGY HELMINTHES NEMATODES. 463 



were found by Otto and sent to Creplin. The latter (Ib. 

 p. 126) has also endeavoured to determine correctly the 

 Entozoa found by Fabricius and figured by Miillcr in the 

 74th plate of the Zoologia Danica, and has described 

 Fig. 1 to be the female of Ascaris osculata ; Fig. 2, the 

 anterior extremity of the same worm ; Fig. 3, as a muti- 

 lated male individual of the same Ascaris ; Fig. 4, as Ascaris 

 RajcE ; Fig. 5, as probably Asc. collaris ; Fig. 6, as a muti- 

 lated Ascaris clavata. With respect to Figs. 7 and 8, 

 Creplin does not venture to decide. A neniatoid worm 

 with a long oesophagus, found by Rayer (Archiv. de Med. 

 comp. 1. c. p. 183) in the stomach of an Ernys europrea is 

 certainly to be referred to Spiroptera contorta. 



The following remarks have been made respecting Tri- 

 china spiralis, which is undoubtedly only an immature 

 neniatoid worm. After Kuox (London Med. Gazette, Sept. 

 1843, p. 805) had for the first time, in the spring of 1836, 

 in Edinburgh, observed a case of Trichina spiralis in the 

 human muscles, it was not till October 1839 that he had 

 again an opportunity of examining a second similar case ; sub- 

 sequently to this, however, he had examined more than a 

 hundred bodies for this entozoon, in vain ; whence he 

 concludes that Trichina spiralis (Vibrio humana) must be 

 much more rare in Scotland than in England and Ireland, 

 for, after requesting communications from the Scottish phy- 

 sicians, he could only hear of the one case, in which Lizars, 

 among from 200 to 300 bodies, observed the Trichina 

 spiralis in that of a woman 50 years of age, whilst Handy- 

 side, in 143 bodies, had met with no Trichina, and Mac- 

 kenzie, generally in no case at all. The occurrence of the 

 Trichina spiralis in Denmark is shown by the case men- 

 tioned by Svitzer (Bibliothek for Laeger Copenhagen, 

 1843, No. 2, p. 336 ; Et Tilfoelde of Trichina spiralis of 

 Prof. Svitzer) who met with the parasite in the fat body of a 

 woman from 30 to 40 years of age, and particularly in the 

 muscles of the arms and legs and the subcutaneous cellular 

 tissue. In this case, also, the worm within several of the cysts 



