14 HEPORT ON ZOOLOGY, MDCCCXLIII. 



Generally speaking, English and French zoologists have, as it \vcre by com- 

 mon consent, agreed to refer, indeed, mutually to each other, but to take 

 no farther notice of German contributions. Men such as Owen, G. R. 

 Gray, and Prichard, who possess a comprehensive knowledge of all that is 

 written, are at present rare phenomena in England and France. Except- 

 ing in the above respect, the Memoir in question, owing to the richness of 

 the Parisian collections, is a most important contribution to a more accurate 

 knowledge of the Monkeys. 



Is. Geoffrey divides the order of Monkeys (by him termed " Primates") 

 into four sub-orders : Singes, Lemurides, Tarsides, and Cheiromydes ; of the 

 two latter of which, each contains but one genus. The first sub-order (les 

 Singes) is divided into four tribes, viz.: (1.) Pitheciua, with five molars, 

 short nails, and the anterior members longer than the posterior ; to this 

 belong Troglodytes, Pithecus, and Hi/lobates. (2.) Cynopithecina, with five 

 molars, short nails, and the posterior members longer than the anterior ; 

 to this belong the rest of the Monkeys of the Old World. (3.) Cebiua, with 

 six molars and short nails ; to this are referred all the American Monkeys, 

 except the following. (4.) Hapaliua, with five molars and claws ; this 

 includes only the genus Hapale. With respect to these " tribes," I will 

 here merely remark that I cannot consent to the division of the Monkeys of 

 the Old World into the sub-orders Pitheciua and Cynopithecina, because, 

 as I have shown in my Monograph, there is too great a difference in the 

 skeleton between the Gibbous and the Ourang-outaugs, to allow of their 

 being brought into such close alliance as that sought to be established 

 by Is. Geoffroy. Moreover, although he asserts with respect to the Pithe- 

 cina group, " s'ils ne sont pas bipedes a la maniere de 1'Homme, (Us) nc 

 sout pas non plus quadrupedes a la maniere des autres Singes," anatomical 

 research, as weU as observation of their habits, proves the quadrupedal gait 

 to be the only natural one for the Ouraug-outangs. As has been proved by 

 S. Miiller, the notion of an upright posture being that of this animal, in 

 consequence of which it would walk only on the two hind legs, is entirely 

 erroneous. 



Is. Geoffroy from tin's proceeds to reply to the question, whether the Mon- 

 keys are properly to be regarded as quadrumauous animals. He considers 

 that this appellation is properly applicable only if under the term " hand" 

 be understood, not exclusively an extremity furnished with a thumb capable 

 of being opposed to the fingers, but in general one exhibiting elongated, deeply- 

 divided, very moveable and flexible fingers. This remark is perfectly just, 

 but not new. From the osteo-myological researches of Ilg, Ernst, Burdach, 

 Saudil'ort, Vrolik, and myself (for this pin-pose I selected the genera Cerco- 

 jii/ln'ciis, Cebm, and Ateles], the peculiarity of the hand of the Monkeys, and 

 its great difference from the human, is now sufficiently known ; and also, 

 that even in the Monkeys of the Old World the fore hand is far behind that 



