272 REPORT ON ZOOLOGY, MDCCCXLIV. 



approximated to the canines, and the basis of the jugal bone lies upon an 

 equal level with the lower jaw. The Reporter confesses that, after comparing 



these accounts with three skulls of the large species, they merit every con- 

 sideration, and certainly leave us to conclude as to the occurrence of a 

 second species. 



M. Vrolik has, with great elaborateness, worked out from two male speci- 

 mens the anatomy of the Babyrussa. His treatise is to be found in the 

 ' Nieuwe Verhandelingen der ersten Klasse van het K. Nederl. Instituut. 

 van Wetensch,' etc. te Amsterd. x, (1844), p. 207, and is accompanied by 

 five very beautifully-executed plates. He first of all regards the osseous 

 system, and contrasts it with that of the Pig and Peccary. There are 

 thirteen dorsal, and six lumbar vertebrae, present. The sacrum consists, in 

 the Pig, Babyrnssa, and Peccary, of four, five, or six vertebrae; the 

 number of the caudal vertebras is very variable in these three animals, but 

 does not appear to exceed twenty-four. In the muscular system Vrolik 

 takes that of the Gnu and Tapir into consideration. The brain differs in no 

 essential portion from that of the Pig. There are a peculiar pair of air-sacs, 

 that occur neither in the Pig nor Peccary. They are found in the upper cer- 

 vical region, behind or posterior to the pharynx, and as they have coalesced 

 during growth, they thus open into the pharyugeal isthmus by two aper- 

 tures, separated from the oral cavity by an elongation of the velum palati. 

 In the direction backwards these sacs terminate like caeca. Upon the 

 upper part of the pharynx there was found in one of the specimens a 

 second expansion, but this must be viewed as a pathological aberration, 

 since it was wanting in the other subject. An ossific deposit was ex- 

 hibited in the heart's septum at the basis of the semilunar valves. The 

 left lung consisted of only one, the right of two, lobes, the inferior of 

 these being provided with an accessory lobule. The stomach is divided 

 into sacs, one of which is in conjunction with the pylorus, the other with 

 the cardia ; the latter has a special appendage, w r hich twists from left to 

 right while environing the sac. In the Pig the structure of the stomach 

 is simpler, but more complex in the Peccary. The caecum is not very 

 large, but very broad. There are no vesiculse seminales, but a prostate gland, 

 which is formed of two lobes and made up of a great number of small lobules. 



In the tertiary deposits upon the Sewalik Mountains, in 

 East India, Falconer and Cantley have found a new species 

 of Anoplothemum, which they call A. sivalense. (Ann. of 

 Nat. Hist, xiv, p. 146.) 



It lay there along with the fossil remains of Sivatherium, Camelus sivalensis, 

 Antilope, Crocodile, &c., and the species is founded upon two lower jaws, 

 indicative of an animal midway in size between the Horse and the Sumatrau 

 Rhinoceros. 



