ENTOMOLOGY. 309 



particularly the tormenting Gnats (Culex cautans, pipiens, sylvaticus), with 

 Simulia reptans, nana, and Ceratopogon ptilicarius. Thousands of two small 

 Cicadas, lassus (Germ.) abclominalis, F., and pattens, Zett., often filled the 

 bag-net, making it difficult to examine the other contents. At the highest 

 point of the mountain, near the snow-line, occurred Nebria nivalis, Cychrus 

 rostratus, Leiocldton arcticus, Amara alpina, Patrobus septentrionalis, Linci* 

 alpina ; Argynnis pales, Psodos trepidaria, Geometria polaria (vel u. sp.), 

 Chilo furcatellus ; (Estrus trompe, Echinomyia alpina, Anthomyia, new species, 

 Tipula nubeculosa. Besides these, in the alpine regions were found, 

 Coh/mbeles dolabratus, Hydroporus lapponum, striola, Antliopliagus rotundi- 

 cottis, Omalium, new species, Silpha lapponica, Podabrus idpinus, Lina* 

 lapponica, Gonioctena\ alpina ; Argynms freja, Erebia manto, norna (var. 

 hilda), Lyccena, new species, (allied to pheretes), Zyr/fcna exuluns, Anarta 

 mdaleuca, melanopa, Psodosfuscaria, the female of which, previously unknown, 

 has only rudiments of wings), and other Lepidoptera ; of Hymeuoptera, 

 Bombus nicalls, and lapponum, and a remarkable form of Tenthredo with 

 serrated feelers ; of Diptcra, Tabanus borealis, alpinus, Thereva fusdnenis, 

 (Estrus tarandi, &c. The woods upon the slopes of the mountain, com- 

 posed of rather slender spruce firs (Pinus abies), and the little dells 

 through which the brooks descend from the alpine heights, afforded many 

 species to invite attention, as Syutoinium (eneitm, Aphodius lapponum, piceus, 

 Cetonia cenea, Trichius fasciatus, Elaler bijasciatus, Ampedus nigrinus, Dicty- 

 opterus aurora, Anthocoiiius cardiacce,Pachyta borealis, maryinata, smaracjdula, ; 

 Arf/i/nnis thore, &c. The swamps and river banks, overgrown with small 

 willow bushes, were rich in Diptera ; here also occurred Elaphrus lapponicus, 

 Pelophila borealis, Agonum consimile, various Omaliani, Tacldmis 'elongutus, 

 Hylolius arcticus ; also Colias palamo, Aryynith pales, Ilenperia frit ilium, &c. 

 Lastly, over the luxuriant meadows composed of Poa prateusis and Aira 

 cespitosa, and inclosed by natural hedges of willows, alders, &c., Pieris 

 bryonue, Plusia divergens and other Lepidoptera were on the wing ; with 

 Tabanus albomaculatus, borealis, auripilus, covjinis, Chrysotoxumfasciolatum, 

 and many Diptcra besides. In the same situations occurred Amara torrhla, 

 i[itciiselii, Siinplocaria picipes, several species of Anisoioma and llydnobius, as 

 well as Catops and Colon, Pachyta interrogation'^, 6-maculata, and Coccinella 

 %-fasciata. 



Kollar and Kedtenbacher have given a sketch of the 

 Entomology of Cashmere and the Himalaya mountains. 

 (Aufzahlung und Beschreibuug der von Freihernu C. v. 

 Hiigel auf seiner Reise durch Kaschniir und das Hima- 



* Chrysomela of English authors, Melasom a, Dillwyn. 

 f Chrysomela autt. Phytodecta, Kby. 



