ENTOMOLOGY DIPTERA. 379 



From the Himalaya come Clillo chrysoyraphellus, locuphtdiiis, mcellus, 

 Kollar. (Hiig. Xaacbm. 491.) 



ALUCIT.E. Eversmanu has added a new species, AL nepheludactyla, 

 from the Wolga and the spurs of the Ural. (Bull. Mosc. p. 003, pi. 16, f. 3.) 



DIPTERA. 



Leon D u four lias given a general view of the internal 

 structure in this order, (Anatomic generale cles Dipteres, 

 Ann. Sc. Nat. i, p. 244.) 



In the nervous system the chief peculiarity is that the spinal cord con- 

 sists not of two separate strings but of a single one. The number of the 

 ganglions varies in different families. Among the Culltidte and Tlpulidee 

 there are 9, 3 in the thorax, which are soldered together, and G 

 apart from one another in the abdomen, while the larva has 11. The 

 Asilidte and BombyliadeB agree with the Tipulidee in the number and posi- 

 tion of the ganglions, only in some larvae of the former family the author 

 found three more than in the perfect insect. The Tabanidce, Stratiomydce, 

 Therevidce, and Leptida, have 7 ganglions, 1 in the thorax, and 6 in the 

 abdomen, and they are proportionally larger. Scenopinus has 5 ganglions, 

 the ConopldfB but 2, and what is remarkable, their position different in the 

 two sexes. The (Estridce and the Mmcida with calyptra [Creophiles, Latr.] 

 have but 1 ganglion, the rest of the Muscidce 2, or sometimes 3. Of 

 spiracles there are 2 pairs in the thorax, and 5 or 6 pairs in the abdomen ; 

 the latter lie sometimes at the sides of the dorsal segments (Musddee, &c.), 

 at other times in the connecting membrane between the segments (Culicidas, 

 Tabanidee, Asil'uhe, &c.) The tracheae are either simple or utricular ; in 

 those kinds whose flight is easy and sustained they are furnished with air- 

 bladders, which can be inflated at will, e. g. Culicidee, Tipulida>, Tabanidee, 

 Syrphida, and the Muscidce with calyptra ; while they are simple in the 

 Muscidte which, want those appendages to the wing. The alimentary canal 

 is uniformly accompanied by a long-necked food reservoir, placed at the left 

 side, and opening into the throat, (the Saugmagen [of German writers, see 

 Burm. Manual. Eut. i, 103]), which the author designates not inaptly 

 paunch (panse), and correctly describes as adapted by its conformation to 

 facilitate the process of rumination. In some Diptera (Teichomyza, 

 Drosopkild) there is a true craw [gizzard]* with brawny coats. The 



* " Gesier," see, however, the remarks on this point in the Report for 

 1843, p. 161. 



