216 REPORT ON ZOOLOGY, MDCCCXLIII. 



finally, shells of a tubular structure. The latter portion of 

 the paper relates to the epidermis and colouring substance 

 of the shells. (Annals xi, p. 380.) 



These researches are further carried out. (Annals xii, p. 

 377.) General Results of Microscopic Inquiries into the 

 minute structure of the Skeletons of Mollusca, Crustacea, and 

 Echinodermata. By William B. Carpenter. 



Kolliker has observed that the motion of the otolites in 

 the Mollusca is dependent upon cilia, with which the inter- 

 nal surface of the cyst is covered. He has seen these 

 cilia in Tritonia thethydea, Thethys fimbria, Pleurobranchcea 

 Meckelii, Diphyllidia lineata, and Hyal&a tricuspidata ; most 

 clearly in Thethys and Diphyllidia, (Froriep's Neue Notizen, 

 1843, vol. xxv, p. 134.) 



Joly has observed with respect to certain Mollusca (Pahi- 

 dina vivipara Lam., and Anodonta cygnea, Lam.) that they 

 may be frozen up in ice without being killed. Some of 

 the Paludina> even produced young shortly after they had 

 been frozen. (Comptes rendus, 1843, xvi, p. 460.) 



CEPHALOPODA. A. Kolliker has discovered in the Cepha- 

 lopoda cavities near the eyes, to which a nervous filament, 

 arising from the optic nerve, proceeds ; he considers them 

 to be olfactory organs. (Froriep's Notizen, vol. xxvi, 

 p. 166.) 



Vrolik communicates the results of an examination of 

 the Nautilus PompUius, two specimens of which, from the 

 Bay of Amboyua, are possessed by the Academy of Sciences 

 at Haarlem. (Ann. xii, p. 174.) 



They are as follows : (1) The chambers contain nothing but gas which 

 abounds in azote, and contains no carbonic acid. (2) The animal is attached 

 to the shell only by means of the siphon. (3) The structure and position of 

 the internal parts correspond [in general] with Owen's description. (4) The 

 mandibles are horny, but covered with a bluish calcareous substance. (5) 

 The number and relations of the pouches on the pericardium arc as they have 

 been described by Valenciennes. (6) The anus is not situated as figured by 

 Valenciennes, but in the crescentic fissure of the lamellated organ, which 

 Owen brings into relation with the oviduct. (7) There is a distinct opening 

 in the pericardium, as described by Owen and denied by Valenciennes. 



