TETRADECAPODS. 



285 



form, the change being induced by the greater or less saltness 

 of the water. Artemia produces young by budding (parthe- 

 nogenesis) as well as from eggs. 

 A species observed near Odessa \ 



produced females alone in warm 



weather; and only in water of e ~r~~- 



medium strength were males 

 produced. The eggs of Arte- 

 mia fertilis have been sent in 

 moist mud from Utah to Mu- 

 nich, Germany, and specimens 

 raised from the eggs by Siebold, 

 proving the great vitality of the 

 eggs of these Phyllopocls, a fact 

 paralleled by the similar vitality 

 of the eggs of the king-crab. 

 Fig. 244 b represents the Nan- g 

 plius of the European brine- 

 shrimp. 



Order 4. Edriophthalma. 

 To this order belong the sow- 

 bugs (Isopoda) and the beach- 

 fleas (Amphipoda). In these 

 Crustacea there is no cephalo- 

 thorax, but the head is small, -After verrm. 

 bearing two pairs of antennae, and a pair of jaws, and three 

 pairs of maxillae. The thorax is continuous with the abdo- 

 men. Kespiration is performed by lamellate or leaf-like 

 gills on the middle feet in the Amphipods, or on the hinder 



abdominal feet in 

 the Isopods. The 

 lowest Isopods are 

 parasitic, they 



Fig. 248. Artemia fertilis from Great Salt Lake, e, graduate into the 

 egg-sac ; c, male claspers. 



Amphipods, and 



the higher Amphipods are connected with the shrimps (De- 

 capoda) through a group (probably a suborder) of synthetic 

 forms (Palceocaris, Acanthotelson and Gampsonyx, Fig. 

 240) such as are found in the coal formation of Illinois 



-JJjl 



