DEVELOPMENT OF STAR-FISHES. 



Ing through the morula and gastrula stages, the cephalula 

 or larval stage is reached, the mouth, digestive sac and its 

 posterior opening being formed, a cephalic end being dis- 

 tinguished from a posterior end. Tho larva is no\v bilater- 

 ally symmetrical. At this time two lobes arise from each 

 side of the mouth. These separate from their attachment 

 and form two distinct hollow cavities, and by the time the 

 larva attains the Brachiolaria stage the development of the 



Fig. 75.Bipinnaria with the star- 

 fish budding from it. e, e', d', ff. g\ 

 protuberances of the body comparable 

 with the "arms" of the" Brachiolaria 

 figured in the adjoining engraving. 

 b. mouth; o, ventof the larva; A, germ 

 of the star-fish; h, ciliated digestive 

 tract; i, ambulacra! rosette (germ of 

 the water-vessels). After M filler, from 

 Gegenbaur. 



Fig. 76. Brachiolaria 

 of Astericut viil'jni'is, en- 

 larged, with the star-fish 

 (?) developing at the 

 aboral end. e. median 

 anal arm; e 8 , odd termi- 

 nal oral arm; /, brachio- 

 lar arm; /', branch of 

 water-tube (ww'} leading 

 into /" odd brachiolar 

 arm; /"', snrface-warta 

 at base of odd bi achiolar 

 arm/". After A. Agas- 

 siz. 



body of the star-fish begins, for these two cavities subse- 

 quently develop into two water-tubes. On one of these cav- 

 ities the back of the star-fish is afterward developed, while 

 on the other the under side with the feet or tentacles arise. 

 The fully-grown larva is called a lr achiolar ia, as it was 

 originally described with this name under the impression 

 that it was an adult animal, as was the case with the pin- 



