xv i TEXT-BOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY 



PART III. THE METAMORPHOSES OF INSECTS 



PAGE 



a. The nymph as distinguished from the larval stage . . 593 



b. Stages or stadia of metamorphosis . . . 594 



c. Ametabolous and metabolous stages . . ... 594 



THE LARVA -599 



a. The Campodea-form type of larva ... . 600 



b. The cruciform type of larva ... . . 602 



c. Growth and increase in size of the larva .... . 608 



d. The process of moulting .... . . 609 



The number of moults in insects of different orders . . . 615 

 Reproduction of lost limbs .... . 619 

 Formation of the cocoon ... . 619 

 Sanitary conditions observed by the honey-bee larva, and admis- 

 sion of air within the cocoon . 623 



THE PUPA STATE .... 625 



a. The pupa considered in reference to its adaptation to its surround- 



ings and its relation to phylogeny . 631 



b. Mode of escape of the pupa from its cocoon ... . 632 



c. The cremaster 636 



Mode of formation of the cremaster and suspension of the 



chrysalis in butterflies 637 



FORMATION OF THE PUPA AND IMAGO IN THE HOLOMETABOLOUS INSECTS 



(THE DIPTERA EXCEPTED) 641 



a. The Lepidoptera ... 



The changes in the head and mouth-parts ... . 646 



The change in the internal organs . . . 647 



The wings 654 



Development of the feet and of the cephalic appendages . . 654 



Embryonic cells and the phagocytes . . . 655 

 Formation of the femur and of the tibia; transformation of 



the tarsus ... 656 



The antennae 657 



Maxillse and labial palpi 658 



Process of pupation 



b. The Hymenoptera ... . 



Ocular or oculo-cephalic buds .... 665 



The antennal buds 665 



The buds of the buccal appendages 665 



The buds of the ovipositor . ... . 665 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMAGO IN THE DIPTERA . . 606 

 a. Development of the outer body-form 



Formation of the imago in Corethra . 



Formation of the imago in Culex 670 



