70 



TEXT-BOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY 



m 



In Corydalus (Fig. 29) the palpifer forms a single piece, and the 

 lingua is undivided, though lobed on the free edge. 



In the metabolic orders above the Neuroptera the lingua is vari- 

 ously modified, or specialized, with no vestiges of the lacinia or 



galea, except in that very primitive 

 moth, Eriocephala, in which Walter 

 found a minute free galea, me, and an 

 inner lobe (Figs. 76, 77), the lacinia. 



The hypopharynx. While in its most 

 generalized condition, as in Synaptera, 

 Derniaptera, Orthoptera, and Neurop- 

 tera, this anterior median fold or out- 

 growth of the labium forming the floor 

 of the mouth may retain the designation 

 of " tongue," lingua, or ligula ; in its 

 more specialized form, particularly when 

 used as a piercing or lapping organ, the 

 use of the name hypopharynx seems most 

 desirable. And this is especially the 

 case since, like the epipharynx, it is 

 morphologically a median structure, and 

 while the epipharynx forms the soft, 

 sensitive roof of the mouth, or pharynx ; 



Fio. 65. Second maxillae of Ter- , , ,, , 



mopsis angusticoiiix: u, the homo- its opposite, the hypopharynx, rises as 



a fold from the floor of the mouth, form- 

 ing in its most generalized condition a specialized fold of the buccal 

 integument. In certain cases, as in the honey-bee, the very long 



li 



FIG 60. Second 

 maxillH' of Pteroniin-yx 

 at// funned. 



Fio. 67. Second maxilla? of Myrmeleon 

 diversion. 



FK;. 68. Second 

 maxilkt' of Jf<tntixj/tt 



slender " tongue " or hypopharynx is evidently, as in the case of 

 the epipharynx, a highly sensitive armature of the mouth. 



