XIII 



BACKBONED ANIMALS 



295 



that these lines, which seem distinct from one another 

 if we confine our attention to living mammals, are linked 

 by extinct forms. 



The monkeys which come nearest to man in structure, 

 habits, and intelligence, are the anthropoid apes the 

 gorilla, the chimpanzee, the orang-utan, and the gibbon. 

 The last is at a 

 much greater dis- 

 tance than the 

 three others. A 

 second grade is 

 represented by the 

 more d o g - 1 i k e, 

 narrow-nosed Old 

 World apes, such as 

 the baboons and 

 mandrills. Lower 

 in many ways are 

 the broad - nosed 

 N e w World or 

 American monkeys, 

 e.g. the numerous 

 species of Cebus, 

 while lowest and 

 smallest a m o n g 

 true monkeys are 



V 



the South Ameri- 

 can marmosets. 

 Distinct from all 

 these, and outside 

 the monkey order 

 altogether, are the 

 so-called half-monkeys or Lemurs. 



We might describe the clever activities of monkeys, 

 the shelters which some of them make, their family life, 

 parental care and sociality, their docility, their intelli- 

 gent habits of investigation, and their quickness to profit 

 by experience ; but it would all amount to this, that 

 their life at many points touches the human, that they 

 are in some^ways like growing children, in other ways 



FIG. 99.- 



"\ 



M) 



-HEAD OF MALE SEMNOPITHECUS. 

 (From Darwin.) 



