CHAPTER VII 



THE INDUSTRIES OF ANIMALS 



1. Hunting 2. Shepherding 3. Storing 4. Making of homes 

 5. Other instances of constructive skill 6. Movements. 



VERY early in the history of the human race there must 

 have begun a differentiation of modes of livelihood. In 

 certain places and among men of certain types, hunting 

 and fishing became habitual arts. Elsewhere and among 

 men of other mood pastoral life began, and the almost 

 lost art of domestication had its early triumphs. Along 

 a third line, but of course with interactions, agriculture 

 developed, and with this we may reasonably associate 

 the foundation of stable homesteads. And around the 

 primary occupations of hunting and fishing, shepherding 

 in the wide sense, and cultivating the soil arose more 

 specialised activities, with division of labour between 

 man and woman and between man and man. 



Now, the activities of men suggest a convenient arrange- 

 ment for those practised by animals. For here again 

 there are hunters and fishers beasts of prey of all kinds 

 -pursuing the chase with diverse degrees of art ; shep- 

 herds, too, for some ants use the aphides as cows ; and 

 farmers without doubt, if we use the word in a sense 

 wide enough to include those who collect, modify, and 

 store the various fruits of the earth. 



In illustrating these industries, we shall follow a 

 charming volume by Frederic Houssay, Les Industries 

 des Animaux, Paris, 1890 (trans. London). 



1. Hunting. Of this primary activity there are many 

 kinds. The crocodile lies in wait by the water's edge, 

 the python hangs like a liana from the tree, the octopus 



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