ix ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR 179 



analogous to purposefulness, and our verbal suggestion 

 is that they show organised purposivcness. We propose 

 the term purposiveness instead of purposefulness when 

 the nature of the nervous system seems to preclude per- 

 ceptual anticipation. 



As a criterion of purposefulness or purposiveness in 

 "vncral, we suggest that there be evidence of an organis- 

 mal summarising of past experience in such a way that 

 a definite endeavour is engendered, dominating behaviour 

 towards a result which is not immediate, this being 

 associated with some awareness, the degree of which 

 cannot, at present, be scientifically determined. It is 

 quite certain that one cannot make the most of dogs or 

 horses unless one recognises that they may have their 

 private purposes, which must be taken account of. The 

 difficulty is in regard to organisms below this level. 



