COLEOPTERA. 



585 



Fam. Hesperidae. Hc.tpcria comma L., //. sylcanus Schn. 



Fam. Lycaenidse (PolyotkmatidcB), (Bliiulingc). Polyommatus Arlon L., 

 P. Damon Fabr. P. virgaurece L., Thccla rtili L., green hairstrcak. T. qucrcus 

 L., purple hair streak. T. betidce L. 



Fam. Satyridse. Satyrus Briseis L., S. Ilcrmione L., Erelia Bsdv. (Ilip- 

 parchia Fabr.), E. Janira L., etc. 



Fam. Nymphalidae. The caterpillars have spiny outgrowths, rarely covered 

 with fine hairs. The pupa is attached by its posterior extremity. Apatura 

 iris L. (purple emperor). Limenitis populi ~L. (Eisvogel). Vanessa prorsa L. 

 (F. levana is the spring generation). F. card/it L., painted lady. F. atdlanta 

 L., Admiral. F. antiopa L. (Camberwell beauty). F. 10 L., peacock. F. urtica; 

 L.. (Kleiner Fuchs), small tortoiseshcll. Ar/iynnis paphia L., silver-washed 

 Fritillary. A. in/lain L. (dark green Fritillary), Mi-llttea cinxin L. 



F-jrn. Pieridae (Weisslinge). Pleris crata-yi L. Blackvcined white. P. 

 brattices L., large white (Kohl- 

 \veissling). P. napi L., green- 

 veined white. P. rapes L., small 

 white. Colitis Injale L., C. rhamni 

 L. (Citronenvogel). 



Fam. Equitidse. Pajiilio Poda- 

 ?/rius L., P. MucJiaon L. (Swallow- 

 ^ail). Doritls Apollo L. The 

 temales have a pouch-like ap- 

 pendage at the posterior end of 

 the bod 7. 



Or, '.er 8. Coleoptera.* 



Insects with masticating 

 mouth-parts and horny front 

 wings (tegmina). Prothorax 

 freely moveable. The meta- FlG . v&.-Hydrophiius pictu* (i6-ne animal), a, 



morpf'Osis is Complete. Beetle, b, Larva, c, Pupa. 



ThH chief characters of this large, but tolerably well-defined, group 

 of infects depend upon the structure of the wings. In the state of 

 rest the anterior wings, as wing-covers (elytra), cover the posterior 

 membranous wings which are transversely and longitudinally 

 folded, and lie horizontally on the abdomen (fig. 483). The hind 

 wing? aloue are used in flight, while the front wings are modified to 

 perform a protective function, and usually correspond in size and 

 form *>o the soft-skinned dorsal surface of the abdominal region, of 



W. E. Erichson, "Znr systcmatischen Kenntniss der Insectenlarven," 

 Arckivfiir Sahinji-sch., Tom. VII., VIII., and XIII. 

 Th. Lacordaire, " Genera des Cole"opteves," Paris, 1S54-1S6G. 

 L. Eedtenbacher, "Fauna Austriaca, die Kafer," 3 Aufl. Wicn., 1873. 

 Gemminger uud Harold, " Catalogus Coleoptcrorum, etc.." Miinchen, 18CS. 

 Kowalevski I.e., ' Entwickelungsgeschichte des Hydrophilus, etc." 



