588 INSECTA. 



Fain. Endomychidai (Pilzkiifer). Endomyclnts cocci ncvs L. Lycoperdina 

 succincta L. 



Tribe 2. Cryptopentamera = Pseudotetramera. One joint of the 

 five- jointed tarsus is reduced and concealed. 



Fam. Chrysonielidae (Lilattkafer). The adult insects are mostly of a bright 

 colour and feed on leaves. Their larva? have a cylindrical thick-set body, which 

 is very generally covered with warts and spiny prominences ; they always have 

 well-developed legs ; they likewise feed on leaves, into the parenchyma of 

 which some of them (Hispa') burrow, and present the peculiarity of using their 

 excrements to prepare cases which they carry about with them (Clythra, 

 Ci'yptoceplial'Ug). Before entering the pupal stage they attach themselves to 

 leaves by the hind end of their body. Ifaltica olcracca Fabr. Harmful to 

 cabbage leaves. Linapoptdi L. Chrysomcla varians Fabr. 



Fam. Cerambycidse (Longicornia) (Bockk'a'fer). Some species (Lamia} pro- 

 duce a peculiar sound by rubbing the head against the prothorax. The elongated 

 grub-like larva? have a horny head with powerful mandibles, short antennae, and 

 usually no legs or ocelli. They live in wood, in which they bore passages and 

 sometimes cause great damage. Lamia textor L., Ccrambyx heros Scop., C. 

 cerdo Fabr., Prionus coriarius Fabr. 



Fam. Bostrychidse (Borkeukiifer). Colevptcra of small size and cylindrical 

 body shape. The larvse are of stout cylindrical shape and without legs, the 

 place of which is taken by ridges covered with hairs like those of the Curcv- 

 HonidcB. The adult insects and larva? bore passages in wood, on which they feed. 

 They live in companies, and belong to the most dreaded destroyers of forests 

 of conifers. The way in which they eat into the bark is very peculiar, 

 being characteristic of the individual species and indicative of their mode of 

 life. The two sexes meet in the superficial passages, which the female, after 

 copulation, continues and lengthens in order to lay her eggs in pits, which she 

 hollows out for that purpose at the end of them. The larva? when hatched eat 

 out lateral passages, which, as the larva? increase in size and get further from 

 the main passage, become larger and give rise to the characteristic markings 

 on the inside of the bark. Boxtryclnis dial cngr a pints, L., B. typographic L., 

 under the bark of pine-trees. B. stenograpkus Duft. 



Fam. Curculionidae (Riisselkafcr). Weevils. Head prolonged into a proboscis 

 in front. Larva? cylindrical, without or with very rudimentary legs and 

 ocelli ; they are almost entirely phytophagous ; and indeed they live under the 

 most various conditions, some inside buds and fruit, others under bark, or on 

 leaves, or in wood. Calandra granarla L., in grain known as black grain- 

 worms. Balaninus nuciini L., Nut- weevil. JJylobius alu-tis Fabr., Apio/t, 

 fnniicntarium L. 



Tribe 3. Heteromera. The tarsuses of the two anterior pairs of 

 legs are five-jointed, of the posterior pair four-jointed. 



Fam. Oedemeridae. Oc firmer a virwcnii L. 



Fam. Meloidae (Cantharidae). They furnish a substance used in the prepara- 

 tion of vesicants. The larva? live partly parasitically on insects, partly free 

 under the bark of trees, and some of them pass through a complicated meta- 

 morphosis called by Fabre hypermetamorphosis ; they possess at first three 

 pairs of legs ; in later stages they lose these, and the body acquires a cylindrical 



