BACTERIA GBEGA.BHTID2E. 



207 



They can only be divided, according to their various methods of development, 

 into chromogenons (pigment), zymogenous (fermentation), and pathogenous 

 (contagion) divisions. The first appear in coloured gelatinous masses and 

 vegetate in the Zoogloeaform, /.//., M. ^/W///y'rw/.s' Ehbrg. in potatoes, etc. 

 To the Zymogenous belong M. iirccr, urine ferment ; to the Pathogenous 

 J/. vncclnrr, the Pox Bacteria, -V. m-j>tiri(x of pya-mia, J7. diphthcricux of 

 diphtheritis. 



The Rod Bacteria form small chains or threads, and exhibit spontaneous 

 motions, especially in the presence of abundant nourishment and oxygen. 

 Here belongs Bacterium tcrmo Ehrbg. distributed in all animal and vegetable 

 infusions and the necessary ferment in putrefaction, just as yeast is in alcohol 

 fermentation ; also B. Lincoln Ehrbg. of considerable size, which exists in spring 

 water and in standing water, in which there are no products of putrefaction, 

 and. as well as the former, has a zoogloea jelly. Another Bacterium form acts 

 as ferment of lactic acid, , 



according to Hoffmann. 



Of the Filiform Bacteria 

 the motile Bacillus (ribrio) 

 subtilix Ehrbg. occasions 

 butyric acid fermentation, 

 but is also found in infusions 

 together with B. tcrmo. 

 Very nearly allied and 

 hardly to be distinguished 

 is the motionless Itiicittiix 

 anthracis of inflammation 

 of the spleen. Vibrio rugtiln 

 and serjwns are charac- 

 terised by constant undula- 

 tions of the chain. Finally 

 these lead to the spiral 

 forms of which Spirochefta 

 resembles a long and flexi- 

 ble but closely wound, and 

 fyiirilluiii, a thick, short, 

 and coarse screw, fyiril- 

 l ii in tf/tti.r, inulula, rolntitnit, 

 the last with a flagellum at 

 each end. 



2. The Gregar'mitltf * are 

 unicellular organisms which 

 liTe as parasites in the 

 intestine, and in the internal organs of the lower animals. The body is fre- 

 quently elongated like that of a worm, and consists of a granular viscid central 

 mass surrounded by a delicate external membrane (si metimes with a subcuticular 

 layer of muscle stripes). The nucleus, a round or oval clear body, is embedded in 



* N. Lieberkiihn, li Evolution dcs Gregarincs," Jlc-nt coxr. <!< V Aca/l . <lc Jii'lij. 

 18oo. N. Lieberkiihn, '' Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Grcgarincn." Arc//, fur 

 A/nit. mid Phyxiol., 1805. E van Bcnedcn, ' Picchcrches sur 1'evolution des 

 Gregarincs.'' Jiiillctitt dc VA<-ud. roij. <h- Jiclijiijiic, 2 Xrr. xxxi., 1871. Ainnj 

 Schneider, "Contributions a 1'histoire dcs Gr6garines des Invertcbres de Paris 

 el dc Pioscoff." Arcb. tic- Zol. Krpurimoit., Tom IV., 1875. 



io. UO. Gfegarlna (after Stein anil Kiillikpr). a. Sty- 

 lorhyiifhut oligaeanthitt out of the intestine ofC'ullojiti'ryx. 

 It, Gregarina (Clepsidrina) poJymorpha from intestine of 

 the meal beetle, during conjugation, c, The same in 

 process of eucystment. <?, Kncysted Gregarina. e, 

 Stai?e of formation of PseiulonavicelHe. /, Pseudo- 

 navicellacyst with ripe Pseudonavicellffi. 



