352 



lar processes, usually with small eyes. The oral segment mostly with two long 

 tentacular cirri, which are usually grooved. Cirriform branchiae are present. 

 Polydora antcnnata Clap., Naples, fyio scticornis Fabr., north seas. 



Fam. Chaetopteridae. Body elongated and separated into several dissimilar 

 regions. Usually two or four very long tentacular cirri. Dorsal appendages 

 of the middle segments have the shape of wings and are often lobed. They 

 live in parchment-like tubes. Telepsavus Costurum Clap.. Naples. Chtetoptt-rus 

 pcr/jam( ntaccus Cuv., West Indies. 



Fam. Terebellidae. Body vermiform and thicker anteriorly. The thinner 

 posterior portion is sometimes distinctly marked off as an appendage destitute 

 of sette. The praestomium is indistinctly separate from the mouth segment. 

 There is frequently a lip above the mouth. Numerous filiform tentacles, usually 

 arranged in two tufts. There are pectinate or branched, rarely filamentous, 

 gills on a few of the anterior segments. Dorsal prominences (notopodia) fur- 

 nished with simple seta3, and ventral transverse ridges (neuropodia) with hooked 

 setre. Tcrcldla concliilega Pall., English coast, Mediterranean. Ampliarete 

 Grultci Malmgr., Greenland and Spitzbergen. Pectinaria aurieoma 0. Fr. 

 Mull., North .Seas, Mediterranean. Salcllaria {Ilermella) spinulosa E. Lkt., 

 Heligoland. 



Fam. Serpulidae. Body usually distinctly divided into two regions (thorax, 

 abdomen). Prsestomium fused with the mouth segment, which as a rule is pro- 

 vided with a collar. The mouth is situated between two semicircular or spirally 

 coiled plates, from the anterior margin of which spring the branchial filaments. 

 These have secondary filaments arranged in single or double rotvs, and may be 

 supported by a cartilaginous skeleton, and have their bases connected by a 

 membrane. Spirographii Spallanzanll, Naples. Sabella penicillus Lin., North 

 Seas. S. Koll Uteri Clap., Mediterranean. Protula Riidolplii Risso, Mediterra- 

 nean. Filif/ra/ia, -Implexa Berk., Norwegian and English coasts. Sc-rpula- nor- 

 veglca Gunn., North Sea and Mediterranean, ^plrorlits spirillum Lin., Ocean. 



Order 2. OLIGOCII.ETA.* 



Hermaphrodite Clmtopnda ivithout pharyngeal armature and para- 

 podia. There are no tentacles, cirri, or branchiae. The development 

 is direct. 



The cephalic region is composed of the prsestomium, which projects 

 as an upper lip, and the mouth segment. It does not essentially 

 differ from the following segments so as to form a special region (fig. 

 309). Tentacles, palps, and tentacular cirri are never found on it, 

 but tactile papillae are present in great number, as are also peculiar 

 sense organs which resemble taste buds. Eyes either fail or are 

 present as simple pigment spots. Besides the small gland cells of the 



' Besides the works of \V. Hoffmeister, D'lJdekem, and others, compare : 

 E. Claparedc, ' llccherchcs anatomiques sur les Ainielidcs, etc., observes dans 

 les Hdbrides," Geneve, 1800. E. Clapavede, " Eecherches anatomiques sur les 

 Oligochrctes," Geneve, 1SG2. A. Kowalcvski. " Embryo! ogische Studien an 

 Wiirmcrn und Arthropoden (Lvntliricus, Eiut.rrx)" Petersburg, 18(il. P>. 

 Hatschck, " Studien iiber Entwicklungsgeschichtc der Annelidcn," Wicu. 

 1878. Fr. Vejdovsky, " Beitrage zur vergleicheuden Morphologic der Annelideu. 

 I. Monographic der Enchytntidcn," 1879. 



