554 



INSECTA. 



forms of the insects. The head bears tolerably long setiform an 

 tenna?, and, as a rule, aggregated ocelli, in place of the facetted 

 eyes. The mouth-parts consist of mandibles and maxillae, which 

 can be retracted into a sort of atrium. In this case an apparatus 

 for attachment with gland is often present on the ventral side 

 of the first abdominal segment. Tracheae are completely absent 

 in many Colkmbola (Podura), while in Campodea they present 

 very simple relations. There are only three pairs of stigmata, 

 and the trunks which spring from them do not anastomose. On 



the penultimate abdominal segment there 

 are often setiform filaments, which when 

 forcibly bent ventralwards serve as a 



a jr&t ^ springing apparatus (springing fork fig. 



460, a). 



Fam. Campodidae (fig. 459). The body is 

 elongated, and the abdomen has ten segments 

 and ends with two filaments. Japyx gigas Br., 

 Cyprus. J. soli fug us Hal., Campodea staphyliniis 

 Wcstw. 



Fam. Poduridae, spring-tails (fig. 460, a). The 

 body is stout, globular, or elongated. The ab- 

 domen is usually reduced to a few segments. 

 and has a ventral organ for attachment, and 

 ends with a long, vent rally-bent fork, used in 

 springing. Smynthurus stgnatiis Latr., Podura 

 aquatica Deg. 



Fam. : Lepismidae (fig. 460, b). Body arched, 

 elongated, and thickly covered with metallic 

 shining scales. The abdomen has ten segments, 

 and terminates with a long median seta and two 

 weaker lateral seteas. Lepisma saccharina L., 

 Jfachilis polypoda L. 



Order 2. ORTIIOPTERA.* 



FIG. 4GO. a, Podura cillosa. 

 b, Lrpitma saccharina (regne 

 animal). 



Insects with an incomplete metamorphosis, 

 with two usually unequal pairs of winys. 

 Jaws adapted for biting. 



The name of this order, which was borrowed from the wings, is 

 by no means suitable for all the forms included, and a very great 

 variety prevails, both in the external appearance and in the internal 



* A. Scrville, " Histoire naturclle des Insectcs Orthoptercs." Paris, 1839. 

 T. DC Charpentier, " Orthoptcra dcscripta et dcpicta." Leipzig, 1841. 

 L. H. Fischer, " Orthoptera Europrca." Leipzig, 1853. 



