556 



IXSECTA. 



a 



the male. The chirping sounds produced by this organ probably 

 serve to call the female to the place, and to excite her to copulation. 

 The female also, in rare cases, has the voice apparatus perfectly 

 developed (Eplii.ppi.gera among the Locuatidce). The eggs are laid 

 under very various conditions sometimes in the earth, sometimes on 

 external objects in air in damp places, or in water. The em- 

 bryonic development has been most accurately traced out in the 

 Libellulidce, in which an internal ventral plate is formed. The larvae 

 of the winged forms leave the egg without any trace of wings, and 

 either agree with the sexual animal in mode of life and form of body, 

 excepting in the number of joints on the antennas and of the corneal 

 facets, or differ from it considerably in these relations (Ephemeridce, 

 Libellulidce) in that they live in quite another medium. Most of 



them, in the fully developed 

 state, feed on fruits and leaves, 

 and a few on animal substances. 



Sub-order 1. Orthoptera 

 genuina. 



Front wings small and hard, 

 sometimes coriaceous for the 

 protection of the hind wings 

 and the back. The hind wings 

 are membranous and broad, and 

 can be folded together longi- 

 tudinally. The maxillae with 

 horny internal lobe toothed at 

 the point and covered by the helmet-shaped membranous outer lobe 

 (galea), with five-jointed palp. The appendages of the last abdominal 

 segment are developed ; the inferior stylets are sometimes wanting. 

 The females often have an ovipositor. The larvae always feed on solid 

 substances and always live on land. 



Tribe 1. Cursoria. With running legs. 



Fam : Forficulidae, Earwigs (Dcrmatoptera). Elongated body, with four 

 unequal wings, of which the anterior are short horny wing-covers, which lie 

 horizontally on the body and cover the thin membranous hind wings, which can 

 be folded by means of joints (fig. 461, a). The abdomen has nine segments and 

 cuds \vitli a pincer, the arms of which are strongly curved in the male. They 

 feed on vegetable matters, especially on fruit, and conceal themselves by day in 

 their haunts, from which they emerge at dusk. Ibrjicvla auricular ia L., Lain- 

 dura ijirjantca Fabr. 



FIG. 431. a, Forficula aurieularia. b, 

 orientalit <J (re^ne animal). 



