RHYNCIIOTA. 



571 



Fam. Cicadellidae (Klcinzirpcn). Jassus biguttatus Fabr., Lcdra aiirita 

 L., Ti-ttigoma 'Ktttatu L. Ajj/trojrfiora. The prothorax is trapezoidal (seven- 

 cornered). The larva? eject a bubbly foam out of the anus (cuckoo-spittle), 

 aud envelop themselves in it. The wing covers are coriaceous. Posterior 

 tibia; have three strong spines. A. siwmar'ui L. 



Fam. Membracidae (Buckelzirpen). Centrutus cornvtvs L., Mambracis 

 latcralis Fabr. 



Fam. Fulgoridse (Leuchtzirpen). In many species the abdomen is thickly 

 covered with long strings and flakes of wax, which in one species (Plata 

 Umliata) is so richly secreted that it is collected and sold as Chinese wax. 



Fulgora laternaria L., the lantern carrier of Surinam, is erroneously said by 

 Merian to emit light from its lantern-shaped frontal process. F. candclarin 

 L., Chinese lantern-carrier. Lystra lanata L., and other American species. 

 Plata limbata Fabr., Cliina. 



Fam. Cicadidse = Stridulantia (Singcicaden). The thick abdomen of the 

 male is provided with a voice organ, which produces loud, shrill, chirping 

 sounds (fig. 474). They are very shy, and remain concealed between leaves in 

 the day time. They 

 feed on the juices 

 of young shoots, and 

 their puncture causes 

 a flow of sweet plant 

 juices, which harden 

 and become manna 

 (Cicada orni L., 

 Sicily). The females 

 have a saw-like ovi- 

 positor placed be- 

 tween two jointed 

 valves. The larvas, 

 when hatched, crawl 

 on the earth, into 

 which they burrow 

 with their shovel-like 

 front legs, and suck 

 the juice of roots. 

 Cicada orni L., South Europe. C. scptemdvcim Fabr., Brazil. C. licemaiodes L., 

 South Germany. 



Sub-order 4. Hemiptera (Bugs). The wings of the front pair are half 

 horny and half membranous (hemielytra), and lie horizontally on the 

 body. Many species are apterous, as are the females of some species 

 of which the males have wings. The first thoracic segment is large? 

 and freely moveable. The proboscis arises from the frontal region, 

 and when at rest usually lies folded beneath the thorax. Some 

 species of the Reduvidce produce a shrill sound, as Pirates stridulus, 

 by the movement of the neck on the prothorax. 



Tribe 1. Hydrocores = Hydrocorisse (Water-bugs). The antennae 

 are shorter than the head, having only three or four joints, and are 



FlO. 471. Cicada arm 

 c, Male, 



(after Packard), a. Larva. 6, Pupa. 

 Ty, Stridulatiiig apparatus. 



