AMPHIPODA. 455 



passages in mud. Ccrapns tulnilaris Say., lives in tubes. Podoccrus variegatus 

 Leach., English coast. Chcliira tcrelrans Phil, is allied here, gnaws, with 

 Limnor'ia lignorum, wood- work in the sea. North Sea and Mediterranean. 



Fam. Orchestiidae. Anterior antennae usually short, always without accessory 

 ramus. The posterior pair of uropoda are unbranched and are shorter than 

 the preceding pairs. They live on the shore, especially on sandy beaches, and 

 move by springing. Talitnis saltator Mont. = T. locusta Latr. On the sandy 

 coasts of Europe. Orchestia littorea Mont., North Sea. 



Fam. Gammaridse. The anterior antennas often have a second ramus, which 

 is always longer than the shaft of the posterior. The coxal plates of the four 

 anterior pairs of legs are very broad. They move more by swimming than by 

 springing. Gammaruspulcx L., G.fiuviatllis Eos., 6f. mariims Leach. In the 

 blind Niphargm Schiodte the crystalline cones and eye pigment are wanting. 

 K. puteanns Koch., in deep springs and lakes (Lake of Geneva). Lysianassa 

 Costce Edw., Mediterranean. L. atlantica Edw. L. magellanica Lillj. 



Tribe 3. Hyperina. 



Ampkipoda with large swollen head and large eyes, usually divided 

 into frontal and lateral eyes. They have a pair of rudimentary 

 maxillipeds functioning as underlip. 



The antenna? are sometimes short and rudimentary, sometimes of 

 considerable size, and in the male are elongated into a multiarticulate 

 flagellum (Hyper idee). The posterior antennce may in the female be 

 reduced to the basal joint enclosing the glandular tube (Phromina) ; 

 in the male, on the contrary, they are folded in a zigzag, after the 

 manner of a carpenter's rule (Platyscelince). A paired auditory 

 vesicle may be present above the brain (Oxycephalus, jRhabdosoma). 

 The maxillipeds form a small bi- or tri-lobed under-lip. The paired 

 legs end in some cases in a powerful chela. The caudal styles are 

 sometimes lamellar and fin-like, sometimes styliform. Development 

 tukes place by metamorphosis. They live principally in jelly-fish, 

 and swim very rapidly. 



Fam. Hyperidae. Head globular, almost entirely occupied by the eyes. The 

 two pairs of antennas have a multiarticulate shaft ; the flagellum longer in the 

 male. The mandible has a three-jointed palp. The fifth pair of feet is gener- 

 ally formed like the sixth and seventh, with claw-like terminal joint. Ilypcria 

 (Lestrigowus Edw.) medusanim O. Fr. Mull. (//! gall/a Mont. = H. Latreilll 

 Edw.) with Lestrlgomts e-xttlans Kr. as male, North Seas. 



Fam. Phronimidae. Head large, with projecting rostrum and large divided 

 eye. The anterior antennae are short in the female, with only two or three 

 joints, in the male with long multiarticulate flagellum and a shaft closely 

 beset with olfactory hairs. The thoracic limbs have in some cases powerful 

 chelas. Phroxina nicceensls Edw., Phroninut sedcntaria Forsk. The female 

 lives with its offspring in Pyrosoma and Diplnjidfc, Mediterranean. 



Fam. Platyscelidae. Both pairs of antennas hidden beneath the head ; the 

 anterior are small ; in the male with much swollen bushy shaft, and short, 



