504 AUACUNLDA. 



1. Tetrapneumon.es. With four lungs and usually with four 

 spinning mammillae. 



Fam. Mygalidae. Large spiders thickly covered with hairs, with four lungs 

 and four spinning mammillae, of which two are very small. They do not 

 construct true webs, but prepare long tubes in the earth, or line their hiding- 

 places (in clefts in trees or in holes in the earth) with a thick web ; they lie in 

 wait for their prey (at the entrance of their homes), or they may catch it in the 

 open by springing. The claw joints of the cheliceras are bent downwards. 

 My gale ai-lcularia L., the large Bird Spider of South America, lives in a tubular 

 web between stones and in crevices in the bark of trees. Cteniza ccementaria 

 Latr. The trap-door spider in South Europe, lives in tubular holes in the 

 earth, the entrance to which is closed with an operculum. as with a sort of 

 trap-door. Atypus Sithcri Latr., in Central Germany, with six spinning 

 mammillae. 



2. Dipneumones. "With two lungs and six spinning mammillae. 



Fam. Saltigradae. Springing spiders (fig. 406, b~) with a large arched 

 cephalo-thorax and eight eyes of unequal size, which are grouped almost in a 

 square. The anterior legs with stout femoral joints serve with the following legs 

 for making the leaps by which these animals catch their prey. They do not 

 construct webs, but spin fine saccular structures in which they remain at night, 

 and later on keep guard over their egg-sacs. Saltlcus cupreus, formicariitx 

 Koch. Mynnecln Latr., in Brazil, resemble ants in form. 



Fam. Citigradae = Lycosidae. Wolf-spiders. With long oval cephalo-thorax, 

 which is narrow anteriorly, but is strongly arched. There are eight eyes, which 

 are usually arranged in three transverse rows. They run about with their long 

 strong legs in pursuit of their prey. By day they are usually concealed beneath 

 stones, in hiding-places, which they line with their webs. The females 

 frequently sit on their egg-sacs, or carry them about on the abdomen, and 

 usually protect the young for some time after they are hatched. Dulomedes 

 mlralriUs Walk. (fig. 406, ). Lycosa saccata'L., tarantula L., the Tarantula 

 Spicier of Spain and Italy. It lives in holes in the ground, and its bite, accord- 

 ing to the erroneous popular belief, occasions the dancing madness. 



Fam. Laterigradae = Thomisidae. Crab-spiders. With rounded cephalo-thorax 

 and flattened abdomen. The two anterior pairs of legs are longer than the 

 following legs. They only spin isolated threads. They hunt insects beneath 

 leaves running sideways and backwards. Micrommata snuiragdina, Fabr., 

 TJiumlxHK citine.t Geoff r. (fig. 400, d). 



Fam. Tubitelae. Tube spinners. With six or eight eyes arranged in two 

 transverse rows, which arc usually curved. The two middle pairs of legs are 

 the shortest, the hindermost pair often the longest. They spin for the capture 

 of their prey horizontal webs with tubes in which they lie in wait. Tegenarla 

 rfciiicstica. L. (fig. 40G, o) (Winkelspinne). Others, as Agelcna lalyrhifhicti. 

 L., construct funnel-shaped webs or, as Clublonn Itoloscricca L.. saccular recep- 

 tacles. A nji/rtiiii-tn- uqiiatica L., water spiders, with longer anterior pair of legs. 

 The body has a silvery appearance, owing to the numerous air-bubbles which 

 adhere to the hairs with which it is covered. It spins a bell-shaped water- 

 tight web, which it fills with air like a diving-bell and attaches to water- 

 plants. 



Fam. Ineequitelas. Web spinners. With eight unequally large eyes arranged 



